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7th S.S. Chap 2
Chapter 2 Earth's Physical Geography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| core | area at the center of the Earth, which includes a solid inner core and a hot liquid outer core |
| mantle | Earth's thickest layer, found between the core and the crust |
| magma | hot melted liquid inside the Earth that flows to the surface when a volcano erupts |
| crust | uppermost layer of the earth |
| continent | large landmass that rises above an ocean |
| plate tectonics | scientific theory that explains how processes within the Earth form continents and cause their movement |
| earthquake | sudden and violent movement of the Earth's crust that shakes the land, and can cause great damage |
| fault | crack in the Earth's crust where two tectonic plates meet; prone to earthquakes |
| weathering | process in which rock is broken into smaller pieces by water and ice, chemicals, or even plants |
| erosion | process by which weathered bits of rock are moved elsewhere by water, wind, or ice |
| continental shelf | plateau off of a continent that lies under the ocean and stretches for several miles |
| trench | deep cut in the ocean floor |
| groundwater | water that filters through the soil into the ground |
| aquifer | underground layer of rock through which water flows |
| water cycle | system in which water moves from the Earth to the air and back to the Earth |
| evaporation | part of the water cycle; process by which water changes from liquid to gas |
| condensation | part of the water cycle; process by which water changes from gas to liquid |
| precipitation | part of the water cycle; process by which water falls to the Earth as, for example, rain or snow |
| collection | part of the water cycle; process by which streams and rivers carry water that has fallen to the earth back to the oceans |
| weather | changes in temperature, wind speed and direction, and air moisture that take place over a short period of time |
| climate | pattern of weather that takes place in an area over many years |
| prevailing wind | wind patterns that are similar over time |
| current | steadily flowing stream of water in the ocean |
| El Nino | weather phenomenon marked by very heavy rains in western South America, often causing flooding; reduced rainfall in Southern Asia, Australia, and Africa; and severe storms in North America |
| La Nina | weather phenomenon marked by unusually cool water in the eastern Pacific and low amounts of rainfall there and heavier rains - and a greater chance of typhoons - in the western Pacific |
| local wind | wind pattern typical of a small area |
| rain shadow | effects of mountains that blocks rain from reaching interior regions |
| climate zone | areas that have similar patterns of temperature and rainfall, and may have similar vegetation |
| biome | area that includes particular kinds of plants and animals adapted to conditions there |
| urban climate | weather patterns in cities, including higher temperatures and distinct wind patterns, as compared to nearby rural areas |
| smog | thick haze of smoke and chemicals |
| acid rain | chemicals from air pollution that combine with precipitation |
| greenhouse effect | buildup of certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere that, like a greenhouse, retain the sun's warmth |
| crop rotation | changing what crops farmers plant in a field from year to year |
| deforestation | cutting down the forests without replanting new trees |
| conservation | careful use of resources to avoid wasting them |
| irrigation | process of collecting water and distributing it to crops |
| pesticide | powerful chemicals that kill crop-destroying insects |
| ecosystem | place shared by plants and animals that depend on one another for survival |
| biodiversity | variety of plants and animals living on the planet |
Created by:
veroncia.crim
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