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Fisher US Review 4
US History Regents Review Packet 4
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Industrialization | Growth of businesses |
Urbanization | Growth of cities around industrial areas |
Corporations | Businesses owned by stockholders |
Monopolies | Businesses the limit competition |
Social Darwinism | Theory that only the best businesses would survive and others would fail |
Laissez-faire | Government practice of not interfering in the economy |
John D Rockefeller | Monopolist owner of the Standard Oil Company |
Gilded Age | Mark Twain's nickname for the late 1800's when serious social problems were hidden beneath growing wealth of monopolists |
Trusts | Another name for monopolies |
Urban | City area |
Nativism | Hostility and discrimination towards immigrants |
Chinese Exclusion Act | 1882 law limiting Chinese immigration |
Gentleman's Agreement | 1907 law limiting Japanese immigration |
Literacy Tests for Immigrants | Barred immigrants who could not read and write English |
Emergency Quota Act | 1921 law drastically reducing all immigration |
National Origins Act | 1924 law that reduced immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe, favored immigrants from Northern and Western Europe |
Spanish American War | 1898 conflict between the US and Spain over Cuba. |
Imperialism | The act of taking over another country to gain its natural resources and create new markets for trade |
USS Maine | American Navy ship sunk, blame placed on Spain leading to Spanish-American war |
Yellow Journalism | Exaggerated reporting of news to spur emotional response from readers |
1898 Treaty of Paris | Agreement ending the Spanish-American War and giving the US control of Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Guam |
Open Door Policy | 1899 Agreement with European nations to allow US access to trade in China |
Spheres of Influence | Areas in China where foreign nations had exclusive trading rights |
Roosevelt Corollary | 1904 addition to the Monroe Doctrine establishing US as police force in Latin America |
Big Stick Policy | Teddy Roosevelt's threat that the US would "speak softly but carry a big stick" and intervene in Latin America if necessary |
Progressive Era | 1890-1920 period when government increased involvement in economy and society and enforced laws to end trusts |
Sherman Antitrust Act | Outlawed any business combination that limited interstate trade |
Clayton Antitrust Act | Outlawed business practices that eliminated competition |
Federal Trade Commission | Federal agency created to enforce antitrust laws |
Unions | Groups of workers united to protect and promote workers' rights |
Homestead Strike | Unsuccessful strike by steelworkers against the Carnegie Steel Company |
Andrew Carnegie | Monopolist owner of the Carnegie Steel Company |
Pullman Strike | Unsuccessful strike by railroad workers against the Pullman Palace Car Company |
American Federation of Labor | Organization of many labor unions united in 1866 to improve working conditions |
Samuel Gompers | Founder of the American Federation of Labor |
Populist Party | Political party formed by farmers, silver miners, and manufacturers to promote their issues |
Tariffs | Taxes on imports |
17th Amendment | 1913 direct election of senators |
Initiative | By petition, voters can put a proposed law on a ballot to be voted on, skipping the usual legislative process |
Referendum | Proposed laws are submitted directly to the people for voting on, not processed through the legislative branch |
Recall | An official can be removed from office by popular vote |
Muckrakers | People who exposed corruption in businesses and the government |
Upton Sinclair | Author of "The Jungle" written to expose the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry |
Pure Food and Drug Act | Law requiring the accurate labeling of ingredients |
Meat Inspection Act | Law requiring the inspection of meat and the conditions of meatpacking businesses |
Jacob Riis | Author and photographer of How the Other Half Lives" exposing the living conditions of the poor in tenement houses |
Ida Tarbell | Muckraker who exposed the abusive business practices of the Standard Oil Company |
Lincoln Steffens | Author of "The Shame of the Cities" about political corruption in St. Louis and other cities |
Frank Norris | Author of "The Octopus" written about the railroad monopolies |