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Fisher US Review 4
US History Regents Review Packet 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Industrialization | Growth of businesses |
| Urbanization | Growth of cities around industrial areas |
| Corporations | Businesses owned by stockholders |
| Monopolies | Businesses the limit competition |
| Social Darwinism | Theory that only the best businesses would survive and others would fail |
| Laissez-faire | Government practice of not interfering in the economy |
| John D Rockefeller | Monopolist owner of the Standard Oil Company |
| Gilded Age | Mark Twain's nickname for the late 1800's when serious social problems were hidden beneath growing wealth of monopolists |
| Trusts | Another name for monopolies |
| Urban | City area |
| Nativism | Hostility and discrimination towards immigrants |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | 1882 law limiting Chinese immigration |
| Gentleman's Agreement | 1907 law limiting Japanese immigration |
| Literacy Tests for Immigrants | Barred immigrants who could not read and write English |
| Emergency Quota Act | 1921 law drastically reducing all immigration |
| National Origins Act | 1924 law that reduced immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe, favored immigrants from Northern and Western Europe |
| Spanish American War | 1898 conflict between the US and Spain over Cuba. |
| Imperialism | The act of taking over another country to gain its natural resources and create new markets for trade |
| USS Maine | American Navy ship sunk, blame placed on Spain leading to Spanish-American war |
| Yellow Journalism | Exaggerated reporting of news to spur emotional response from readers |
| 1898 Treaty of Paris | Agreement ending the Spanish-American War and giving the US control of Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Guam |
| Open Door Policy | 1899 Agreement with European nations to allow US access to trade in China |
| Spheres of Influence | Areas in China where foreign nations had exclusive trading rights |
| Roosevelt Corollary | 1904 addition to the Monroe Doctrine establishing US as police force in Latin America |
| Big Stick Policy | Teddy Roosevelt's threat that the US would "speak softly but carry a big stick" and intervene in Latin America if necessary |
| Progressive Era | 1890-1920 period when government increased involvement in economy and society and enforced laws to end trusts |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | Outlawed any business combination that limited interstate trade |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | Outlawed business practices that eliminated competition |
| Federal Trade Commission | Federal agency created to enforce antitrust laws |
| Unions | Groups of workers united to protect and promote workers' rights |
| Homestead Strike | Unsuccessful strike by steelworkers against the Carnegie Steel Company |
| Andrew Carnegie | Monopolist owner of the Carnegie Steel Company |
| Pullman Strike | Unsuccessful strike by railroad workers against the Pullman Palace Car Company |
| American Federation of Labor | Organization of many labor unions united in 1866 to improve working conditions |
| Samuel Gompers | Founder of the American Federation of Labor |
| Populist Party | Political party formed by farmers, silver miners, and manufacturers to promote their issues |
| Tariffs | Taxes on imports |
| 17th Amendment | 1913 direct election of senators |
| Initiative | By petition, voters can put a proposed law on a ballot to be voted on, skipping the usual legislative process |
| Referendum | Proposed laws are submitted directly to the people for voting on, not processed through the legislative branch |
| Recall | An official can be removed from office by popular vote |
| Muckrakers | People who exposed corruption in businesses and the government |
| Upton Sinclair | Author of "The Jungle" written to expose the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | Law requiring the accurate labeling of ingredients |
| Meat Inspection Act | Law requiring the inspection of meat and the conditions of meatpacking businesses |
| Jacob Riis | Author and photographer of How the Other Half Lives" exposing the living conditions of the poor in tenement houses |
| Ida Tarbell | Muckraker who exposed the abusive business practices of the Standard Oil Company |
| Lincoln Steffens | Author of "The Shame of the Cities" about political corruption in St. Louis and other cities |
| Frank Norris | Author of "The Octopus" written about the railroad monopolies |
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fisher_lisa
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