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Fisher US Review 1
US History Regents Review Packet 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mercantilism | Controlling trade between an imperialist nation and its colonies to benefit the mother country |
| Colonial Era | Period of time from 1600's to 1700's when England owned the US colonies |
| Virginia House of Burgesses | First democratically elected legislative body in the US |
| Mayflower Compact | First written framework of government for the US. colonies. Created 1620 |
| New England Town Meetings | Meetings held in a direct democratic manner to discuss laws and issues related to a town |
| Direct democracy | People decide on public issues instead of choosing representatives to make decisions |
| Representative democracy | Representatives are elected to make decisions on behalf of people |
| Thomas Paine | Wrote Common Sense in support of American independence |
| Common Sense | Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to encourage American independence |
| Declaration of Independence | Document written to declare the American colonies' freedom from England |
| Thomas Jefferson | Primary writer of Declaration of Independence. Third US President 1801-1809 |
| John Locke | Enlightenment philosopher who wrote Social Contract Theory about relationship between government and citizens |
| Social Contract Theory | John Locke's theory that government gets its power from the people and can be abolished if it abuses its power |
| Consent of the governed | The idea that people give the government its power and agree to follow its rules unless it abuses that power |
| Revolutionary War | War fought from 1775-1781 to achieve American independence from England |
| Treaty of Paris | 1783 treaty officially ending the Revolutionary War |
| Articles of Confederation | First written plan of government for the United States. Established a weak central government |
| Shay's Rebellion | 1786 uprising of farmers in Massachusetts protesting high taxes and foreclosures |
| Whiskey Rebellion | 1794 uprising of farmers in Pennsylvania who refused to pay an excise tax on whiskey and attacked tax collectors |
| Constitution | The supreme law of the land. The document defines the roles of each branch of government |
| Federalism | Power is shared between the national (federal) government and the states |
| Separation of Powers | The power to govern is divided into three branches and each branch has specific powers |
| Legislative Branch | Makes laws |
| Executive Branch | Enforces laws |
| Judicial Branch | Interprets laws |
| Checks and Balances | Each branch has ways to limit the powers of the other two |
| Delegated Powers | Powers belonging only to the federal government, ensured by the 10th amendment |
| Reserved Powers | Powers belonging only to the state governments |
| Concurrent Powers | Powers shared by the federal government and the state governments |
| Implied Powers | Legislative powers not specifically written in the Constitution but |
| President | Head of the Executive Branch |
| Commander in Chief | Role of the President as head of all military forces |
| Electoral College | System by which the President is elected |
| Executive Branch | Branch of government responsible for enforcing laws |
| Judicial Branch | Branch of government responsible for interpreting laws |
| Supreme Court | Highest court in the US |
| Judicial Review | The job of the Supreme Court to interpret laws to determine if they are constitutional |
| Marbury v Madison | 1803 Supreme Court case that established the Court's power of judicial review |
| Legislative Branch | Branch of government responsible for making laws |
| Bill | a proposed law |
| Senate | Branch of Congress in which each state has two lawmakers |
| Congress | Another name for Legislative Branch, composed of two lawmaking groups; Senate and House of Representatives |
| House of Representatives | Branch of Congress in which each state has a number of lawmakers based on its population |
| Census | Population count done every 10 years. Determines how many Representatives each state gets in the House of Reps |
| Elastic Clause | The wording in the Constitution that gives Congress flexibility to make laws which are "necessary and proper" |
| Great Compromise | 1787 agreement determining how states would be represented in Congress |
| New Jersey Plan | Proposal that Congress should be unicameral with equal representation of all states |
| Virginia Plan | Proposal that Congress should be bicameral with representation of states determined by population |
| Three Fifths Compromise | 1787 Agreement that every 5 slaves would count as 3 people in the census to determine representation in the House of Reps |
| Federalists | Group of people who supported ratification of the Constitution and establishment of a more powerful central government |
| Anti-Federalists | Group of people who opposed ratification of the Constitution and feared a too powerful central government |
| Amendments | Changes to the Constitution |
| Federalist Essays | Papers written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison to support ratification of the Constitution |
| Bill of Rights | The first 10 amendments to the Constitution guaranteeing basic rights |
| First Amendment | Guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly |
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