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Mesopotamia Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is Otzi's discovery important? | It offered an accurate look at what early man wore and used in everyday life |
| In what period of history did the Iceman live? | The late stone age, late neolithic |
| What is the most significant aspect of Otzi's discovery? | A copper ax because they didn't know copper was used back then |
| What modern medical problem did Neolithic man suffer from? | Cholestrol |
| What do the high levels of arsenic found on Otzi tell us about him? | Otzi was involved in copper smelting and he's a high altitude shephard |
| Historian? | Person who studies and writes about the human past |
| Archaeologist? | Scientist who learns about past human life by studying fossils and artifacts |
| Artifact? | Weapon, tool, or other items made by humans |
| Anthropologist? | Scientist who studies the physical characteristics and cultures of humans and their ancestors |
| Paleolithic- what did they spend the majority of their time doing? | Searching for food, hunting and gathering, SURVIVING |
| Nomad? | Person who regularly moves from place to place |
| What were the roles of men during the paleolithic era? | Hunting |
| What were the roles of women during the paleolithic era? | Gathering berries, looking after the kids, tending campsite (SAME AS TODAY!!!) |
| What was the most important discovery of the paleolithic period and its uses? | Fire--- Lit darkness, kept warm, scared away animals, cooked food, smoked meat (flint started fires easily) |
| What were the ice ages? | Lasted from 10,000 BC-8,000 BC (last part of paleolithic era), less plant life, eat struggling animals, build sturdy shelters, wearing animal furs, used fire a lot |
| How did paleolithic people communicate? | Cave drawings, art (used for communication), there was eventually a spoken language |
| Technology? | Tools and methods used to help humans perform tasks |
| What were paleolithic tools made from? | Flint stones |
| Neolithic? | Last part of the stone age, when farming started getting used |
| Domesticate? | To tame animals and plants for human use |
| What was man's relationship to animals like during the neolithic age? | People domesticated animals |
| What was the most important event in human history? | Farming because it prevented people to be nomads and let families settle down; it also made it easier for the people of that time period |
| What were the names of the early neolithic communities we discussed in class? How do we know they were neolithic? | Jericho and Catal Huyuk; they lived in mud brick houses and decorated the walls with paintings; they had buildings for worship |
| Specialization? | Special jobs taken to assist other jobs |
| Mesopotamia? | Land between rivers: Tigris and Euphrates; included Sumerian, Babylonian, and Assyrian empires; Bronze Age |
| Cuneiform? | Sumerian system of writing made up of wedge-shaped markings |
| City-state? | Independent state made up of a city and the surrounding land and villages |
| Irrigation? | Method of bringing water to a field from another place to water crops |
| Civilization? | Complex society within city walls, organized government, art, religion, class divisions, and a writing system |
| Where were early civilizations started? | Mesopotamia |
| What were Sumerian temples called? What was their purpose? | Sumerian temples were called Ziggurats and their purpose was to get the temple closer to the heavens |
| What is a scribe? Who could become one? | A scribe is a person who translates and teaches Cuneiform; You had to be a wealthy, intelligent man and you had to have high class |
| What kinds of laws were covered in Hammurabi's Code? What two trends did we observe in class about these laws? | Some laws were harsh and cruel and some were fair; Ex: If you slap your father, both of your hands would be cut off; Laws that were intentionally broken had cruel and harsh punishments while accidents had fair punishments, each one fit for the crime |
| What is important about Cuneiform? | It is the first ever written language |
| Province? | Political district |
| Astronomer? | Person who studies stars, planets, and other heavenly bodies |
| Nineveh? | Ancient Mesopotamian city located in present day Iraq; eastern bank of the Tigris river; capital of the Neo-Assyrian empire |
| Nebuchadnezzar? | Chaldean king; threw Israelites in a fire; in old testament |
| Babylon? | Ancient Mesopotamian city between Tigris and Euphrates river; Hammurabi controlled it for a while and started the Babylonian empire; ancestors of Chaldeans; trade and cultural center |
| Assyrians? | Library in Nineveh; sophisticated government; postal system, highways; located in northern Mesopotamia; brutal and vital; road system; genius for war, terror tactics, no prisoners; fertile crescent region became Assyria; north near Tigris river |
| Sumerians? | Lived in Sumer; governments; fought with each other and we know that because they had city walls; invented cuneiform; ruled by priests and priestesses; calendar; wagon wheel; buildings made of mud brick |
| Babylonians? | Ruled by Hammurabi; Cuneiform law code; cultural crossroads; strategic location (good for trade); tower of babel; accidents had fair punishments; intentionally breaking the law resulted in cruel punishment |
| Chaldeans? | Mapped heavens: plans of god were revealed (they thought); Nebuchadnezzar- Chaldean king: threw Israelites in fire; Babylonian descendants; rebuilt Babylon-made it wealthy; hanging gardens |
| Hittites? | Anatolia; chariot tech- move very fast, like tanks, surrounded enemies quickly; first to use iron; vs Egypt, cadesh, old testament |
| Phoenicians? | Eastern Mediterranean coast; north African coast; ship builders; traders; first to go beyond Gibraltar; ancestors of carthage (colony); foundation of alphabet; royal purple-symbol of wealth (purple dye was rare); purple sash with toga-sign on wealth/class |
| How does food surplus lead to the starting of culture? | Food surplus, healthier people, more people, more crops, more farmers, bartering, specialization, more goods, surplus of goods, trade, farming tools created, metals, bronze age (3000 BC-1200 BC), more free time, cultural development |
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