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Enlightenment
Important Ideas, People, and Location of Ideas
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Voltaire | Ideas: religious freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of press, etc. Location: Constitution- 1st amendment |
| Montesquieu | Ideas: checks and balances Location: Constitution- Articles 1-3 |
| Rousseau | Ideas: direct democracy Location: Declaration of Independence- Preamble |
| Beccaria | Ideas: JUSTICE system Location: Constitution- Bill of Rights- Amendments 4-8 |
| Locke | Ideas: natural rights "life, liberty, and property," direct democracy Location: Declaration of Independence- Preamble |
| Wollstonecraft | Ideas: fought for women's rights |
| Hobbes | Ideas: without government there is chaos, absolute monarchy is the best form of government |
| philosophes | group of social critics in Enlightenment France |
| social contract | willingness of people to hand over their rights to a ruler in exchange for law and order in society |
| Enlightenment | "new," intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of the individual to solve problems |
| heliocentric theory | the idea that the sun is the center of the universe |
| Descartes | linked algebra and geometry to develop analytical geometry |
| Kepler | discovered that the Earth revolves around the Sun in elliptical orbits instead of circles |
| Newton | discovered the law of gravity |
| Galileo | punished by church for his scientific research |
| Copernicus | reasoned that the stars, the Earth, and other planets revolved around the Sun |
| Bacon | brought experimentation to the scientific method |
| inoculation/vaccination | injecting a germ into a person's body so as to create immunity to the disease |
| geocentric theory | the medieval view of an Earth centered universe |
| Thomas Jefferson | wrote the Declaration of Independence |
| Joseph II | abolished serfdom, ruled Austria as an enlightened despot |
| Denis Diderot | published the Encyclopedia |
| Frederick the Great | ruled Prussia as an enlightened despot |
| Catherine the Great | gave the nobility absolute power over the serfs, brutally crushed a massive uprising of serfs, ruled Russia as an enlightened despot |
| Haydn | composer, 1st used sonatas and symphonies |
| Mozart | most popular composer of his era |
| Beethoven | composer, Romanticism |
| Baroque | grand, ornate style of music, Bach and Handel wrote in this style |
| Neoclassical | style of music, new emphasis on order and balance, "old school" |
| Richardson | author, wrote Pamela, developed many of the features of the modern novel |
| secular | nonreligious point of view |
Created by:
19slabinskichristina
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