click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Population
Chapter 2 vocabulary terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | Average number of children per woman within a population. |
| Rate of natural Increase | n demography and population dynamics, the rate of natural increase (RNI), also known as natural population change, is defined as the birth rate minus the death rate of a particular population, over a particular time period.[1] It is typically expressed either as a number per 1,000 individuals in the population[2] or as a percentage.[3] RNI can be either positive or negative. |
| pronatalist policies | policies or practices that “encourage the bearing of children” |
| Anti-natalist policies | Anti-natalist policies are measures implemented by governments to discourage population growth by promoting lower birth rates. |
| dot map | Maps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon, such as a population. |
| megalopolis | Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world; formerly used specifically with an uppercase “M” to refer to the Boston-Washington multimetropolitan corridor on the northeastern seaboard of the United St |
| census | A periodic and official count of a country’s population. |
| doubling time | The time required for a population to double in size. |
| population explosion | The rapid growth of the world’s human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase. |
| crude birth rate | (CBR) The number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population. |
| crude death rate | (CDR) The number of deaths yearly per thousand people in a population. |
| demographic transition | Multistage model, based on Western Europe’s experience of changes in population growth exhibited by countries undergoing industrialization. High birth rates and death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population gain; this i |
| stationary population level | The level at which a national population ceases to grow. |
| population composition | Structure of a population in terms of age, sex and other properties such as marital status and education. |
| population pyramids | Visual representations of the age and sex composition of a population whereby the percentage of each age group (generally five-year increments) is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationship to the total population. Th |
| infant mortality rate | (IMR) A figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population. |
| newborn mortality rate | The number of infants who die within the first month of life per 1,000 live births. |
| child mortality rate | A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population. |
| life expectancy | A figure indicating how long , on average, a person may be expected to live. Normally expressed in the context of a particular state. |
| infectious diseases | Diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Infectious diseases diffuse directly or indirectly from human to human. |
| chronic (or degenerative) diseases | Generally long-lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expectancies. |
| genetic or inherited diseases | Diseases caused by variation or mutation of a gene or group of genes in a human. |
| endemic | A disease that is particular to a locality or region. |
| AIDS | (Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome) Immune system disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which over a period of years weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight off infection so that weight loss and weakness set in and other a |
| expansive population policies | Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth. |
| eugenic population policies | Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others. |
| restrictive population policies | Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase. |
| one-child policy | A program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China. |