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APUSH
CH 20
| Term | Description 1 | Description 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Point Loma, California | Founded by Katherine Tingley in 1897 | |
| populism | ||
| Bureaucracies grew | ||
| Department of Agriculture | 1862 | informed farmers and consumers of farm products |
| Department of the Interior | 1849 | much agencies such as Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Territorial and International Affairs |
| Department of the Treasury | collected federal taxes and customs and printed money and stamps | |
| Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) | created in 1887: expanded federal power over business by prohibiting pooling and discriminatory rates by railroads and establishing the first federal regulatory agency | |
| Republicans | pointed towards reuniting the nation and passing new reform legislation. | |
| Democrats | south to reduce influence of the federal government, slash expenditures, repeal legislation, and protect states' rights. | |
| elections between 18876-1892 lacked luster | Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-81), James A. Garfield (1881), Chester A. Arthur (1881-85), rover Cleveland (1885-89), Benjamin Harrison (1889-93) Cleveland again (1893-97) | |
| 1789 Tariff was hot button between Republicans and Democrats | to protect the "infant industries" from foreign competition. | |
| William marcy Twed, Tammany Hall, and Michael "Hinky DInk" Kenna | specialized in giving municipal jobs to loyal voters and holiday food baskets to their families | |
| Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act 1883 | reformed spoils system by prohibiting government workers form making political contributions and creating the Civil Service Commission to oversee their appointment on the basis of merit rather than politics. | |
| Circuit Courts of Appeals Act 1891 | Congress granted U.S. Supreme Court the right to review all cases at will. | |
| populist movement | major third party of the 1890s formed on basis of the Southern Farmers' Alliance and other reform organizations | Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward |
| Grange | The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry, a national organization of farm owners formed after the Civil War. | led by Oliver H. Kelley |
| Granger Laws | state laws enacted in the Midwest in the 1870s that regulated rates charged by railroads, grain elevator operators, and other middlemen. | |
| Farmers' Alliance | movement in rural South and WEst during late nineteenth century, encompassing several organization sand demanding economic and political reforms. | |
| Southern Farmers' Alliance | The largest of several organizations that formed in the post-Reconstruction South to advance the interests of beleaguered small farmers | |
| Colored Farmers' Association | 1886-excluded from Southern Alliance | |
| Northern Farmers' Alliance | ||
| Great Uprising of 1877 | unsuccessful railroad strike to protest wage cuts and the use of federal troops against strikers; the first nationwide work stoppage in American history | |
| Henry George | ran for mayer; Progress and Poverty (1879) | |
| Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) | Women's organization; fisited schools to educated children about the evils of alcohol, addressed prisoners, and blanketed men's meetings with literature | Frances Willard |
| National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) | 1890; coordinated ultimately successful campaign to achieve women's right to vote | |
| Ignatius Donnelly | Caesar's Column (1891) | "wretched failure" of industrial society |
| Depression of 1893 | caused by over-extension and bankruptcy of railways | |
| Coxey's Army | protest march of unemployed workers, led by Populist businessman Jacob Coxey, demanding inflation and public works program during the depression of the 1890s | |
| protective association | organizations formed by mine owners in response to formation of labor unions | |
| Coeur d'Alene and Homestead | strike locations of miners and steelers | |
| Eugene V. Debs | American Railway Association | peaceful, yet still suppressed by federal army |
| Washington Gladden | Congregationalist minister; Applied Christianity (1886) | warned the dissolving of churches |
| Sherman Silver Purchase of 1890 | act directed the Treasury to increase the amount of currency coined from silver mined in the West and also permitted the U.S. gov. to print paper currency backed by silver | Grover Cleveland demanded the Repeal of |
| Free Silver | philosophy that the gov't should expand the money supply by purchasing and coining all the silver offered to it | |
| Election of 1896 | William McKinley (R) and William J. Bryan (D) and Georgian Tom Watson (Populist) | |
| Dingley Tariff of 1897 | raised import duties to an all-time high. | |
| McKinley encouraged Congress to create United States Industrial Commission | planned business regulation; | erdman Act: established a system of arbitration to avoid rail strikes;Gold Standard Act |
| nativism | favoring the interests and culture of native-born inhabitants over those of immigrants. | |
| Jim Crow Laws | segregation laws in the South during 1890s | |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme Court decision holding Louisiana's railroad segregation law did not violate the Constitution as long as the railroads or the state provided equal accommodations | |
| Poll Taxes | taxes and literary requirements for voting | |
| Willmington, North Carolina | dozens were killed in Willmington masszcre | |
| Ida B. Wells | 1895 Red Record | |
| Tom Watson | once campaigned to restore civil rights of Southern African American | |
| Civil Rights Cases (1883) | overturned the Civil Rights Acts of 1875 | |
| Cumming v Richmond County Board of Education (1899) | allowed separate schools for blacks and whites. | |
| Edward Bellamy | Looking Backward (1888) | best selling novel after Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin |
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