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Stack #195094
WGU IOC4 Assessment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Steam Engine | Oliver Evans in 1802, First American Steam Engine; led to manufacture of high-pressure engines used throughout Eastern United States |
| Spanish American War | (April-July 1989) brief, intense conflict that effectively ended Spain's worldwide empire and gained the U.S. several new possessions in the Caribbean and the Pacific |
| Sons Of Liberty | a secret organization of American patriots which originated in the 13 colonies during the American Revolution |
| Sir Francis Drake | English Explorer |
| Sieur de La Salle | French Explorer |
| "The Shot Heard Round The World" | was fired at Lexington on April 19, 1775, became the first skirmish of the American Revolution |
| Samuel Adams | (1722-1803) never let the colonists forget what the crown has done to them, genuine revultionary, formed committee of correspondence, developed political structure without royal government |
| Samuel de Champlain | French Explorer |
| Samuel Gompers | United States labor leader (born in England) who was president of the Amercan Federation of labor from 1886 to 1924 |
| Second Continental Congress | met in May 1775, and "for the defense of American liberty" |
| Second World War | Began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland and ended in 1945 with the surrender of Germany and Japan |
| Seven-Years War | (1756-1763) war between several European countries and result of two primary conflicts1. England Vs. France over control of North America2. Austria Vs. Prussia over control of Germany |
| Revolutionary War | (1775-1783) American war of independence British soldiers and Americans fought at Lexington and Concord. Treaty of Paris ended the war. |
| Renaissance | A cultural awakening that began in Italy and spread throughout Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries |
| Reform Movement | movement intended to bring about social and humanitarian reforms |
| The Reaper | (Cyrus Hall McCormick)a horse drawn mechanical machine used for harvesting grain or other small crops, designed to cut down wheat much more quickly and more efficiently |
| Quebec Act | Extended the Southern boundary of the province to the Ohio River and granted full religious freedom to Catholics |
| Quakers | radical religious group, formally know as Society of Friends, that rejected formal theology and stressed each person's "Inner Light", a spiritual guide to righteousness |
| Puritans | member of a reformed protestant sect in Europe and American that insisted on removing all vestiges of Catholicism from popular religious practice |
| Proclamation of 1763 | attempted unsuccessfully to restrain Americans from moving into Indian lands west of the Appalachian Mountains |
| Pocahontas | saved John Smith & married John Rolfe, was an Indian princess |
| Protestant Reformation | 16th century, religious movement to reform and challenge the spiritual authority of the Roman Catholic Church, associated with Martin Luther and John Calvin |
| Pawnee | Nebraska and North Kansas responsible in Agriculture |
| Paul Revere | messenger, patriot, silversmith, played important role in the American Revolutionary War |
| New Deal | aimed to improve the public good and aid the recovery of the economy in the 1930's |
| Muckraker | one who spends real or alleged scandal about another (usually for political advantage) |
| Monroe Doctrine | December 2, 1823, stated that European powers were no longer allowed to colonize in the Americas, or interfere with existing colonies or their dependencies in the Western hemisphere |
| Mayflower Compact | (1620) document written by the pilgrims establishing the basic principles of the Plymouth Colony government |
| Maya | covered much of present day Guatemala, Belize, and South Mexico; large stone temples, palaces; they raised corn, cotton, squash, beans, and cocoa. They also made calenders and had their own handwriting. |
| Lend-Lease Program | supplies were offered to Great Britian and the soviets to help them fight the Nazis |
| League of Nations | on essential element of Wilson's fourteen points, meant to provide a forum for countries to resolve international conflict diplomatically |
| Land Grants | given for the purpose of establishing settlements, missions and farms in the 16th century |
| Knights of Labor | AKA Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor; one of the most important labor organizations of the 19th century, demanded to end child labor, convict labor, equal pay for women, and progressive income tax |
| J.P. Morgan | American financier, banker and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time |
| Joint-Stock Company | Business enterprise that enabled investors to pool money for commercial trading activity and funding for sustaining colonies |
| John Smith | English Explorer, in 1608 took control of Jamestown, captured by Native Americans and Pocahontas saved his life |
| John D. Rockefeller | United States industrialist who made a fortune in the oil business and half of it away |
| John Rolfe | Took over Jamestown after John Smith, was a tobacco farmer, married Pocahontas and died in 1622 |
| John Locke | English philosopher, one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers |
| John Cabot | Enlish Explorer |
| Jamestown | 1st English settlement, John Smith took it over after the first winter and put all of the men to work. After John Smith was injured; John Rolfe took it over and the colony was saved and prospered |
| James Monroe | 5th president, Missouri Compromise, made Florida a state, Monroe Doctrine was in the continental congress |
| James Madison | 4th president, principal author of Constitution, organized Republican party, led in the War of 1812, author of the Bill of Rights |
| Jacques Cartier | French Explorers |
| Intolerable Acts | AKA Corersive Acts; required the colonists to quarter soldiers in their homes |
| Indian Wars | used to describe a series of conflicts between the federal/colonial government and Native Americans; the most famous and brutal battle were Battle of Little Big Horn, Wounded Knee Massacre, and Sand Creek Massacre |
| Indian Removal Act | (1830) law permitted the president to give public lands in the west to Indians residing in eastern states, in exchange for their removal west of the Mississippi River, led to the Trail of Tears |
| Iroquois | most powerful military alliance, most successful, has 5 nations1. Mohawk2. Oneida3. Onondaga4. Cayuga5. Senec |
| Industrialization | the development of industry on an extensive scale |
| Indentured Servant | standard term for poor people who made up much of the labor force in the southern colonies |
| Inca | Western Andes and Amazon River populated, now known as Peru, Chile, Bolivia, and Ecuador; stone houses and religious buildings and roads; had over 12 million people |
| House of Burgesses | an elected representative assembly in colonial Virginia, 1st example of representative government in the English colonies |
| Homestead Act | (1862) legislation granting 160 acres of land to anyone who paid a $10 fee and pledged to live on and cultivate the land for 5 years, this encouraged a large migration to the west |
| Henry Hudson | English Explorer |
| Hernando do Soto | Spanish Explorer |
| Hernan Cortes | sailed from Cuba in February 1519, he was a conquistador, landed Yucaton coast. Between 1522-1527 he conquered much of present day Mexico. Founded Mexico in the 1520's. Spanish explorer |
| Harriet Tubman | U.S. abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the north |
| Glorious Revolution | replacement of James II by William and Mary as English monarchs in 1688, marking the beginning of constitutional monarchy in Britian |
| Giovanni Da Verazanno | Italian explorer who sailed for France |
| George Calvert | known as Lord Baltimore went to Catholicism after Anglican Church, waned to found a conoly where English Catholics could practive their religion. Founded Maryland in 1632 for religious freedom and commercial interest |
| General Oglethorpe | Founded Georgia in 1732 |
| General LaFayette | army general (joined forces with George Washington, helped win the Civil War in Yorktown |
| Gadsden Purchase | named for James Gadsden; Arizona and New Mexico were purchased in a treaty signed by Franklin Peirce |
| Fredrick Douglas | American abolitionist, women's suffrage, editor, author, statemen, and reformer; 1st African American nominated as vice-president |
| Francisco Vasguez de Coronado | Spanish Explorer |
| First Continental Congress | met in late 1774 in Philadelphia, demanded to repel the Intolerable Acts and all trade with the British |
| Federalists | supporters of the constitution who advocated its ratification |
| Enlightenment | philosophical and intellectual movement that began in Europe during the 1700's, it stressed the application of reason to solve social and scientific problems |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | United States suffragist and feminist; called for reform of the practices that perpetuated sexual inequality |
| Election of 1828 | Presidential rematch between Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson won by a landslide |
| Early Spanish Colonies | New Spain |
| Early French Colonies | QuebecMississippi Valley |
| Early English Colonies | JamestownRoanokeMassachusetts Bay ColonyPlymouthMarylandCarolinaPennsylvaniaNew Jersey |
| Declaratory Acts | reasserted the power of Parliament to govern the colonies as they saw fit (March 1766) |
| Declaration of Independence | Thomas Jefferson drafted it, a list of specific greivances against George III and his government, "all men are created equal", "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness", government is there to protect these rights |
| Cotton Gin | Eli Whitnet's machine that quickly and efficiently removed seeds from cotton fibers |
| Christopher Columbus | Born in Genoa, Italy in 1451, set sail for Cathay in 1492, with three ships (Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria), sailed for Spanish. Died in 1506 |
| Celcius Calvert | George Calvert's son, June 30, 1632 was granted a charter for a colony on the Chesapeake Bay, now named Maryland |
| Catherine Beecher | renowned for her forthright opinoins on women's education as well as support of many benefits of the incorporation of kindergarten into children's education |
| Boston Massacre | (March 5, 1770) British soldiers were trying to keep the peace where a wob was gathered in Boston, a soldier was knocked down and his gun went off, the rest of the soldiers fired into the crowd killing 5 colonists |
| Benjamin Franklin | (1706-1790) Experimenter, grew up in Boston, and then moved to Philadelphia; lightning rod and stove; spread enlightenment ideas, helped broaden manies intellectual ideas/horizons |
| Aztec | dominated Central Mexico; contained 5 million people, religion was very important (daily human sacrifice), war was an extremely important part of the Aztec society, Tenochtitlan was the capital city |
| Anti-Federalists | critics of the Constitution who expressed concern that it seemed to possess no specific provision for the protection of natural and civil rights |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th president, forced the relocation of Native Americans from Oklahoma, many Native Americans died as a results (Trail of Tears) |
| Amerigo Vespucci | Italian Explorer who sailed for Portugal |
| Agricultural Revolution | the gradual shift from hunting and gathering to cultuvating basic food crops that accured worldwide from 7000 to 9000 years ago |
| Aaron Burr | shot Alexander Hamilton, was vice president to Thomas Jefferson, very clever |
| Vicksburg | turning point battle in the Civil War after being besieged for nearly seven weeks the confederates surrendered |
| Ulysses S. Grants | most famous of the Union military leaders during the Civil War, commanded Army that took Vicksburg, in 1864 named general in chief of all union armies |
| Ten Percent Plan | decreed that a state could be reintergrated into the union when 10% of the votes had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by emancipation |
| Stephen A. Douglas | Senator associated with the doctrine of popular sovereignty (settlers decided whether to allow slavery) |
| Scalawags | white Southerner who supported Reconstruction policies after the American Civil War |
| Robert E. Lee | most famous of the Southern military leaders in the Civil War |
| Republican Party | formed in 1854, opposed to the expansion of slavery; spurred on passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act |
| Radical Republican | republican members of the U.S. congress after the Civil War who favored policies to force changes in Southern life and policies |
| Ku Klux Klan | an organization of whites that terrorized blacks in the South after the Civil War, wanted to stop blacks from voting |
| Jefferson Davis | president of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War |
| Harriet Beech Stowe | wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852 |
| Gettysburg | famous Civil War battle that resulted when the South attempted to strike into the North in 1863, turning point of the Civil War |
| Fort Sumter | an island fort in the harbor of Charleston, SC; where the first shots of the Civil War were fired in April 1861 |
| Emancipation Proclamation | order issued by President Lincoln in 1862 that declared slaves free in the areas still held by the Confederates |
| Compromise of 1850 | series of bills aimed at resolving the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican-American War |
| Carpet Baggers | derogatory term for Northerns who came to the South after the Civil War, some came to do good, other came to take advantage of the situation |
| Antietam | first battle of the Civil War fought on Northern soil, bloodiest single-day battle on American history |
| Andrew Johnson | 17th president, was elected vice president and succeeded Lincoln when Lincoln was assassinated; was impeached but acquitted by one vote |
| 14th Amendment | ratified in 1868, this amendment provided citizenship to the ex-slaves after the Civil War and constitutionally protected equal rights under the law for all citizens |
| 15th Amendment | 1870,prohibited the denial or abridgment of the right to vote by the federal government or state government on the basis of race, color, or prior condition as a slave |
| 13th Amendment | ratified in 1865, this amendment the the U.S. Constitution prohibited slavery and involuntary servitude |
| Nez Perce | Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon, and Idaho) |
| Articles of Confederation | raitified in 1781, this was used as the U.S.'s first constitution, providing framework for national government, limited central authority be denying government any taxation or coercive powers |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | 36th president, escalated the involvement of the U.S. in the Vietnam War from 16,000 troops to 550,000 troops, designed the Great Society (civil right laws, medicare, medicaid, aid to education, and "War On Poverty") |
| Woodrow Wilson | 28th president, was in office during WWI, in 1918 he delivered a speech on his fourteen points to acheive world peace and prevent future warfare, he also formed the league of nations |
| Theodore Roosevelt | 26th president, organized and helped command troops in Spanish-American War (fought in Cuba), he initiated the construction of Panama Canal in 1903; his foreign policy AKA "Big Stick", was used to respect his ideas |
| Thomas Jefferson | 3rd president, headed the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence; in 1803he bought the Louisiana territory (Louisiana Purchase) which doubled the size of the United States |
| Ronald Reagan | 40th president, congress passed his economic policies called the Reaganomics (supply-side economics, reduction of taxes, federal involvement in business regulation) |
| Richard Nixon | 37th president, visited China in 1972 and received two pandas as gifts was first and only president to resign; involved in the Watergate Scandal which harassed and wire-tapped people |
| Navigation Acts | a series of commercial restrictions passed by Parliament intended to regulate colonial commerce in such ways as to favor England's accumulation of wealth |
| Louisiana Purchase | In 1803 Thomas Jefferson sent negotiators to France to speak to Napolean about purchasing New Orleans, but were offered the entire Louisiana territory for $15 million and we bought it |
| John F. Kennedy | 35th president, in office during the Cuban Missile Crisis, when we went to the moon, and the Vietnam Wat; in September 1962 he allowed a black student to go to an all-white University with the help of the National Guard; sparked civil rights movement |
| John Adams | 2nd president, 1st vice president, founding father, played huge role in the Declaration of Independence, peaceful resolution of Quadi-War with France in 1798; was in the continental congress |
| Harry S. Truman | 33rd president, used atomic bomb to end WWII (Japan); used the Fair Deal to desegregate the U.S. military |
| George Washington | 1st president, in September 1796 he decided to resign after his second term, establishing a 2-term ppresidency, established a cabinets, a board of advisors, and secretary of state and treasury |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | 32nd president, founded New Deal, was president during outbreak of WWII; longest serving president for 12 years |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | 34th president, tried to retaliate during Cold War built up nuclear weapons, coined the phrase military-industrial complex to describe the relationship between armed forces, weapons supplier, and government, made Alaska and Hawaii states |
| Abraham Lincoln | 16th president, did not approve of slavery and was in office during Civil War; formed union army to help preserve the nation, wrote Emancipation Proclamation in January 1863, freeing all slaves in confederate states; assassinated in 1865. |
| Mexican-American War | an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. Annexation of Texas |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | 1854, created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed settles to determine if they would allow slavery |
| Dred Scott Decision | Supreme Court ruling that prohbited Congress from regulating slavery in the territories |
| Plessy VS. Ferguson | Segregation could be legally enforced so long as the facilities for blacks were equal to those for whites |
| New Fugitive Slave Act | any slave that escaped to another state or into federal territory would be seized and returned to their owners; added another part in 1850 to penalize anyone who helped a slave to escape |
| Trail of Tears | In the winter of 1838-1839, the Cherokee were forced to evacuate their lands in Georgia and travel under military guard to present day Oklahoma roughly 1/4 or 16,000 died en route |
| Stamp Act | (1765) required a stamp, or watermark, on virtually all paper and paper products sold in the colonies |
| Tea Act | (1773) a monopoly on tea sales to the colonies and greatly reduced high-quality tea tax |
| Sugar Act | imposed a tax on foreigh sugar and molasses brought into the colonies |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | Treaty negotiated by the Pope in 1494 to resolve competing land claims of Spain and Portugal in the New World; it divided the world along a North-South line in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean |
| Manifest Destiny | coined in 1845, this term referred to a doctrine in support of territorial expansion based on beliefs that population growth demanded territorial expansion, that God supported American expansion, and national government equaled the expansion of freedom |
| Headright System | put in place to ease labor shortage in Jamestown which gave colonists 50 acres of land |
| Encomienda | an exploitative labor system designed by Spanish rulers to reward conquistadores in the New World by granting them local villages and control over Native Labor |
| Great Migration | millions of blacks migrating from South to Northern cities in pusuit of better economic opportunities |
| Conquistadores | 16th century Spanish adventurers, often of noble birth, who subdued the Native Americans and created the Spanish empire in the New World |
| Virginia Company | English jointed stock companies chartered by James II in 1606 with the purpose of establishing settlements |
| Valley Forge | counter-attach by American, success was in their hands when they broke it off, disease took 2500 American lives |
| Upton Sinclair | American author who wrote over 90 books including The Jungle, investigated socialist views |
| Unionization | act of forming unions, "the issue underlying the strike was unionization" |
| Zachary Taylor | 12th president, American military leader; lead troops to victory in Spanish-American War; 40 year military career |
| Treaty of Paris | a treaty signed on September 3, 1783 to end the Revolutionary War |
| Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | agreement that ended the Mexican-American War, provided for loss of Texas and California to the United States; America now distrusted Latin America |
| Transcontinental Railroad | crosses the continent from "coast-to-coast"; terminals are at or connected to different oceans |
| Townsend Duties | imposed duties on tea, lead, glass, and dyes for paint |
| Thomas Paine | wrote a book called "Common Sense", in order to end the British rule over the colonies |
| Thomas Gage | was sent to Boston in 1768 to silence the protests of the colonists towards all of the taxes |
| Texas Revolution | AKA Texas War of Independece, fought on October 2, 1835-April 21, 1836, between Texas and Mexico, began with Battle of Gonzales and ended with Battle of San Jacinto, resulted in the Republic of Texas |
| Telegraph | 1844, invented by Samuel F.B. Moore, make long-distance communication almost instantaneous |
| 1st Amendment | Freeom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of press, right to peacefully assemble, and right to petition the government |
| 2nd Amendment | right to bear arms |
| 3rd Amendment | no soldiers shall be quartered without the owner's consent |
| 4th Amendment | no unreasonable search or seizures |
| 5th Amendment | no double jeopardy, due process of law, no private property will be taken without just compensation |
| 6th Amendment | right to a speedy and public trial |
| 7th Amendment | right to trial by jury |
| 8th Amendment | no excessive fines, no cruel or unusual punishment |
| 9th Amendment | federal government cannot takes away rights |
| 10th Amendment | If the federal government does not have the power given to it, then it will be decided by the states |
| 17th Amendment | two senators for each state, in for 6 years, each senator gets one vote |
| 19th Amendment | guarentee woman the right to vote |
| American Federal System | 3 branches (legislative, executive, and judicial), consisting of the President, Congress, and the Supremem Court |
| Arctic Tundra | low temperatures, short growing season, usually in Antarctica |
| Bill Of Rights | First ten amendments to the United States Constitution |
| Civic Responsibilities | the responsibilities of being a citizen |
| Climate Map | shows temperature, snowfall, rainfall, and humidity |
| Continental Subarctic | long cold season (Canada, Alaska, and Russia) |
| Deforestation | loss of forest due to overcutting trees, one consequence is soil erosion |
| Executive Branch | enforce the laws |
| Judicial Branch | interpret the laws |
| Legislative Branch | make the laws |
| Great Society | domestic programs proposed by Lyndon B. Johnson; such as education, medical care, urban problems, and transportation |
| Herbert Hoover | 31st president, in 1929 the stock market crashed and the economy collapsed, and Hoover was defeated for reelection by Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Humid Continental | found over large land masses, between polar and tropical air masses, large seasonal temperature difference |
| Industrial Revolution | the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation |
| Lusitania | British ocean liner sunk by German submarine, nearly 1200 people died |
| Magna Carta | royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215 |
| Malcolm X | American black Muslim minister, militant civil rights leader |
| Marine West Coast | slight temperature variances between seasons, mainly in Europe, moist |
| Mercator Project | globe |
| Political Map | uses lines and/or colors to demonstrate the boundaries of political entities; such as countries, states, and cities; most common type of map |
| Relief Map | demonstrate the contour of the subject area wither with contour lines or shaded areas to indicate elevation |
| Requerimiento | declaration of sovereignty and war read by Spanish military forces to assert their sovereignty over the Americas |
| Road Map | show major highways and roads; can show various features such as colleges, airport, and other information |
| Semiarid | little annual rainfall; extremely dry |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | English writer, poet, soldier, and explorer; tried to colonize Virginia; introduced potatoes and tobacco to England |
| Subtropical Desert | little annual rainfall, summers are very hot and winters are very cold |
| Sussex | passanger-liner sunk in March 1916 by Germany; Wilson then broke diplomatic relationships with Germany |
| Topographical Map | use contour lines and colors to demostrate elevation, lines close together mean a steeper incline; useful for hiking |
| Treaty of Versailles | the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans |
| Tropical Equatorial | hot and west throughout the year |
Created by:
MissyVaracalli
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