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Chapter 3 Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sugar Act | an act passed by Parliament in 1764 requiring colonists to pay a tax on sugar and molasses |
| Stamp Act | an act passed by Parliament requiring colonists to pay a stamp tax on newspapers and documents; this prompted "No Taxation Without Representation" |
| Declaratory Act | passed by Parliament at the time of the Stamp Act's repeal stating that Parliament had the right to pass any tax they saw fit |
| Townshend Acts | a set of acts passed by Parliament in 1767 placing taxes on lead, glass, paint, and tea |
| Tea Act | an act passed by Parliament in 1773 which was not a new tax but rather gave the British East India Trading Co. the sole right to sell tea in the colonies |
| Quartering Act | one of the Intolerable Acts that stated colonists were required to feed and house British |
| Intolerable Acts | laws passed by Parliament in 1774 to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party by closing Boston Harbor, forcing colonists to house British troops, and placing the colony under the rule of an appointed governor |
| Boston Massacre | a conflict between colonists and British soldiers that ended with 5 colonists dead |
| Militia | groups of citizens who volunteer to be soldiers during emergencies minute men; ready to fight at a minutes notice |
| Guerrilla warfare | hit-and-run attacks by small, mobile groups of soldiers |
| Monarchy | a system of government in which the ruler inherits the right to rule and has power for life |
| popular sovereignty | a political practice, people living in a newly organized territory had the right to vote on whether to allow slavery in the territory |
| boycott | refusal to buy a particular good or sevice |
| coercive | forceful |
| intolerable | unbearable |
| propaganda | a story giving only one side in an argument |
| repeal | to do away with |
| resolutions | something to be voted on |
| Committees of Correspondence | committee that got in touch with other towns and colonies |
| What was the purpose of the Intolerable Acts | to punish the citizens of Boston for the Boston Tea Party |
| What factors led to the Boston Tea Party | passage of the Tea Act; colonial merchants' fears that the act would put them out of business; arrival of British East India ships in Boston Harbor |
| What was the significance of the Boston Massacre | further increased tensions between American colonists and the British government |
| Why did George III issue the Proclamation Act of 1763 | to stop fighting between colonists and Native Americans |
| How did the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment influence colonial society | led to the desire for political equality and encouraged discussion about political and social issues |
| What factors caused the slave trade to grow? | as farmers began to rely less on indentured servants, they needed more slaves to work on their farms |
| Why were colonial assemblies and colonial courts created, and what did they do | to provide colonists with some control over local affairs like making laws and protecting freedoms |
| backcountry | thinly settled rural area |
| casualties | captured, injured, or killed soldiers |
| revivals | religious gatherings where people came together to hear sermons |
| town meeting | people met and decided on issues of local interest such as paying for schools |
| English Bill of Rights | reduced the powers of the English monarch |
| triangular trade | system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa |
| Great Awakening | a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s |
| Enlightenment | movement that spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society |
| Pontiac | Indian leader who was against British settlement in the new land |
| Quakers | The Society of Friends, made up one of the largest religious groups in New Jersey |
| staple crops | crops that are always needed |
| Why did William Penn establish Pennsylvania | to provide a safe place for Quakers and religious freedom for all Christians |
| How were New York and New Jersey similar | both had diverse population and were middle colonies and fur trade was important |
| Puritans | wanted to purify or reform the Anglican Church |
| immigrants | people who have left the country of their birth to live in another country |
| Mayflower Compact | a legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good |
| What type of jobs were common in the New England colonies | selling of goods, fishing and shipbuilding jobs; skilled craftspeople |
| What led to the religious disagreements among the Puritans | different views on religion, on mixing government and religion and on the relations with Native Americans |
| Why was education important to the New England colonies | So the children could learn to read the Bible |
| Jamestown | The first permanent English settlement in North America |
| John Smith | took control of Jamestown and built a fort to protect the colonists |
| What problems did the Jamestown colonists face | lack of preparation, disease, hunger, conflict with Native Americans |
| indentured servants | signed a contract to work for four to seven years for those who paid for their voyage to America |
| Toleration Act of 1649 | made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians |
| slave codes | laws that were established to control slaves |
Created by:
shawna_westbrook
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