Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
WST300 U4 L
WST300: Theorizing the Body from a Feminist Perspective - Gender & the Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The socially constructed “_____ _____” encourages us to believe that some bodies are more attractive than others, and in essence, worth more than others. | Beauty Myth |
| _____ surgery and _____ disorders are two experiences which impact more women than men in our society. | Cosmetic; eating |
| We can trace a divide in Western thought regarding the body as far back as the writings of Aristotle in ancient Greece. Men were associated with the _____ Women were associated with the _____ | mind; body |
| Societal expectations related to performing “masculinity” and “femininity” impacts our _____. | bodies |
| Some of the things we do to perform our gender has relatively superficial impacts (i.e. _____ _____). | ear piercing |
| At times, what we do to perform our gender has more permanent effects on our physical bodies. A few examples: 1._____ _____ dieting 2. _____ enhancing drugs 3. _____ surgery | Long term performance cosmetic |
| Many _____ activities have an impact on our bodies. | gendered |
| Some performances--such as the masculinized activity of _____ _____--have a very obvious impact on the body. | weight lifting |
| Some activities--such as the gendered norm of discussing _____ in women's friendships--have a less immediately obvious impact on the body. | feelings |
| The _____ reduction achieved through _____ relationships can improve long-term _____ and _____ health outcomes. | stress; close; physical; psychological |
| Gendered activities can have both _____ and _____ outcomes on our health. | positive; negative |
| Despite the fact that we tend to associate masculinity with _____ bodies, feminist theorists argue that the mind-body binary has historically resulted in women being understood almost entirely in terms of their _____. | powerful; bodies |
| Men of _____, and men of the _____ _____, have also been viewed in terms of their bodies much more than _____ class men have. | color; working classes; upper |
| There are differences between people (based on gender, race, and class) in terms of how _____ their bodies are to the way society thinks about them. | central |
| Feminist scholars argue that society primarily thinks about women in terms of their _____. Women’s _____, and other human qualities, often take second stage to how they _____. | bodies; minds; look |
| More than being identified with their bodies, women have also historically been identified with _____. | nature |
| Unfortunately, culture is more _____ than nature. Culture is viewed as the realm of human _____, what separates humankind from other animals. | valued; achievement |
| The connection to nature suggests that women’s bodies—and women themselves—are less _____ and less _____ than men & male bodies. They are “_____”. | disciplined; civilized; dangerous |
| Sherry Ortner in ‘“Nature vs Culture”’ argued: women are assumed 2 be closer 2 nature because of their ___ capabilities & social roles, i.e. ___ ___ - socially constructed connections - hunting, often connected w/men, is not considered closer 2 nature. | reproductive; child nurturing; |
| In Western culture, men have _____ been aligned with the mind and with culture. | historically |
| Women have been _____ aligned with the body and with nature. | symbolically |
| The association of men with the mind/culture and women with nature can be viewed in many cultural products like ____ and _____. For example, women's bodies are often displayed as naturally _____ in nature or even as nature itself. | art; fashion; nude |
| Feminists argue that women’s bodies are viewed as less _____ than men’s. If masculine bodies are more valued than feminine bodies, and women _____ their bodies (rather than their minds), then women are in a double bind. | valuable; ARE |
| _____ _____: Because we LIVE in our bodies, how we EXPERIENCE life is directly related to our bodies and how our bodies are viewed by the society within which we live. | Embodied experience |
| Some feminists have attempted to reclaim the female body and shape into something “_____” (essentially) positive, rather than negative. These theories work with, rather than against, the idea of _____ differences between men and women. | inherently; natural |
| Essentialist theories: _____ _____ and ideas of “womanliness” (1976). | Adrienne Rich |
| Essentialist theories: _____ (some strands of it) | Ecofeminism |
| Feminist essentialist theories are still a _____ and potentially _____ perspective. | universalizing; limiting |
| Feminist thought about gendered bodies under the social constructionist framework can be grouped into __ broad themes. | three |
| Social constructionist framework: women’s oppression under patriarchy impacts their _____. | bodies |
| Social constructionist framework: bodies are “disciplined” in line with cultural dictates regarding femininity and masculinity (theorist: _____ ______). | Michel Foucault |
| Women and men have agency with which to _____ oppression, including bodily oppression. | resist |
| One of the primary determining factors of health is gender. For example, the _____ you are likely to suffer from, even how you are likely to die, are influenced by it. | diseases |
| _____ choices (i.e. smoking, drinking, sports you play, etc.) and likelihood to seek _____ for illness/seek _____ are both impacted by gender. | Lifestyle ; treatment; counseling |
| Because women have historically been understood in terms of their bodies, and because the female body has often been viewed as “inferior” to male bodies, the female body has been especially prone to _____ and ______. | pathologization; medicalization |
| The ways in which the female body differs from the male body (i.e. _____ capacities) have been of particular focus. 1. _____ ____ (it is considered “abnormal” if women don’t remove some of it) 2. the invention of _____ | reproductive; body hair; PMDD |
| _____: deeming something to be “abnormal”. | Pathologization |
| _____: deeming that something needs to be treated by medical professionals. | Medicalization |
| It is interesting that PMDD is only recognized as a _____ disorder, yet cultural media products clearly associate it with female reproductive _____. | psychiatric; anatomy |
| There is no denying that many women experience physical symptoms of discomfort related their menstruation cycles, but how we understand those systems as a ____, & our ____ to them, changes over time. PMDD was not a recognized disorder until ____. | culture; reaction; 1993 |
| First and foremost, the ideal feminine body is ____. However, you must also be ____. | thin; toned |
| 1991 “The Beauty Myth” by Naomi Wolf: The beauty ideal is ____ & ____ defined. | narrow; rigidly |
| 1991 “The Beauty Myth” by Naomi Wolf: The ideal is largely _____ (the model isn’t real) . | unattainable |
| 1991 “The Beauty Myth” by Naomi Wolf: The ideal is _____ and _____. | raced; classed |
| 1991 “The Beauty Myth” by Naomi Wolf: The ideal prescribes standards of _____, not just standards of appearance | behavior |
| 1991 “The Beauty Myth” by Naomi Wolf: The ideal works to counteract the _____ women have gained in other areas of their lives. | freedoms |
| Definitions of beauty shift over _____. | Time |
| Feminists point out that the ideal feminine body has continued to _____ as women have gained power _____, _____, _____... | shrink; politically; economically; educationally |
| Both the causes and effects of the Beauty Myth are _____. Jean Killbourne argues that the primary purpose of the mass media is to sell _____! | economic; products |
| Advertisements do more than sell products; they also sell us _____ and _____ about family, love, lifestyle, etc. | norms; values |
| The “ideal image” that ads encourage us to aim for is all but unattainable, especially for anyone who is not _____, not _____-_____, not naturally _____, etc. | white; able-bodied; thin |
| The diet, exercise and beauty industries are ENORMOUS. Perpetuating our _____ is good for business. | insecurities |
| As individuals, we often argue that we are immune to media messages, that we can/do ____ them. But a great deal of research suggests that media messages may work on us ____, and that they do have an influence on how we feel about ourselves and others. | ignore; subconsciously |
| Negative outcomes of cultural beauty ideals include: ____ of bodies which do not meet the ideal, Poor ____ ____ and low self esteem, ____ against women, ____ disorders, ____ surgery | Devaluation; body image; Violence; Eating; Cosmetic |
| Eating disorder prevalence is shaped by ____, ____, ____, and ____. | gender, class, race and age |
| 1 in __ college women suffer from an eating disorder. | 5 |
| As many as __ women, and __ men suffer from anorexia or bulimia. | 10 million; 1 million |
| _____ _____ are the most likely to develop an eating disorder, followed by lesbian women and gay men. Heterosexual men are the least likely. | Heterosexual women |
| 40% of newly identified cases of anorexia are in girls __-__ years old. | 15-19 |
| There has been a rise in incidence of ____ in young women 15-19 in each decade since 1930. | anorexia |
| _____ _____: is characterized by severe weight loss; those suffering are actually slowly starving themselves. | Anorexia Nervosa |
| Anorexia Nervosa is accompanied by a _____ body image. | distorted |
| Anorexics believe they are “fat” when in reality they are dangerously underweight. Body weight is controlled through self imposed _____, excessive _____, _____ drugs, etc | starvation; exercise; diuretic |
| _____ _____: a pattern of binging on food, followed by purging through vomiting, the use of laxatives and/or extreme fasting. | Bulimia Nervosa |
| _____ _____: a recurring pattern of binge eating, without compensatory counter measures. | Compulsory Overeating |
| “____, ____ for Thinness, Body ____”: The “Three D’s”: there are many reasons why a person may develop an unhealthy pattern of food consumption, just one of which is to keep in line with cultural beauty standards and their outcomes. | Dieting; Drive; Dissatisfaction |
| One overarching motivation for unhealthy food consumption patterns is the attempt to ____ one’s life, an idea that advertisers capitalize on. Advertising messages perpetuate the idea that by controlling their ____, women can control their lives. | control; bodies |
| We cannot fully understand eating disorders unless we _____ them within American dieting and exercise culture more broadly. | contextualize |
| Bordo argues that people who suffer from anorexia or obesity are often represented as abnormal “freaks”, when in reality, these two conditions are logical extensions of what we do think is _____. | normal |
| There are social _____ for being on a diet. | rewards |
| We have moved beyond wanting just SLIM bodies, we now want FIRM/TONED bodies. _____ management exemplifies this. Thin bodies must also be firm | Cellulite |
| _____ meanings are layered over the body. | Moral |
| The toned body is read as: you _____ about yourself, you have control over your natural _____. You have _____. | care; impulses; willpower |
| The obese body is read as: _____, _____, lacking _____. | lazy, greedy; control |
| We oscillate between images of very spare “minimalist” thin bodies, and very muscular, toned bodies because both are “read” as having the right ____. | attitude |
| _____ and _____ _____ explain the fact that our culture is characterized by BOTH the “Beauty Myth” and an obesity “epidemic”. | Economics, economic inequalities. |
| Women are ____ likely to be overweight than men, the poor ____ likely to be overweight than the wealthy, communities of color ____ overweight than their white counterparts. These trends mark INEQUALITIES at the societal level, not a lack of will power. | more; more; more |
| It takes ____ to achieve the beauty ideal. Yet many women who do not have such access are often suffering from ____ and it’s related illnesses (i.e. diabetes). | resources; obesity |
| Women account for __._% of total cosmetic surgery clients. | 91.4 |
| Rates of elective cosmetic surgery continue to rise. There was a __% rise in total surgical cosmetic surgeries from 2000 to 2010. | 7 |
| The number of plastic surgeries increase every year while the average age of those seeking it _____. | drops |
| Women are told they can stop/slow _____ by literally _____ new and better bodies. | aging; buy |
| The _____ _____ of surgery are usually artificially minimized. | health risks |
| From 2000 to 2010 there was a: 39% increase in women’s _____ _____, 133% increase in women’s _____ _____, 628% increase in _____ _____. | breast augmentations; buttocks lifts; Botox injections |
| Of surgical procedures, women’s _____ _____ remains the leader—even when men’s surgeries are added to the data. | breast augmentation |
| Caucasians (non-Hispanic) constitute __% of cosmetic plastic surgery patients. | 70 |
| _____ account for 11% of cosmetic plastic surgery patients. | Hispanics |
| _____ _____ account for 8% of cosmetic plastic surgery patients. | African Americans |
| Feminist responses to plastic surgery and eating disorders are a ____ act between: ____ women’s rights to control their bodies, and working to increase _____ of the socially structured pressures which influence a person’s decisions. | balancing; defending; awareness |
| It is too simple to suggest that women who elect to have surgeries are dupes of corporate beauty messages. ____ people may make the decision to participate in beauty rituals in order to benefit from the ____ of a cultural beauty standard. | Rational; achievement |
| It’s important to recognize that even though cultural messages regarding beauty are pervasive and carry a great deal of significance, men and women will always retain their ____ to resist messages. | agency |
| The Council on Size and Weight Discrimination works to separate the ideal of “____” from the norms of “____”. | healthy; thinness |
Created by:
silvrwood
Popular Social Studies sets