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A2 Aggression
Agression key terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Instrumental aggression | Form of aggression where the aim is to achieve a goal and any injury which may be caused is incidental. |
| Assertive behaviour (channelled aggression) | The actions of the performer are within the laws of the game and are goal-directed, with no intention to harm another player. |
| Hostile aggression | Form of behaviour directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. |
| Aggressive cue (cue arousal) nurtured) Berkowitz 1994 | Frustration will cause arousal in increase Only cause aggression if a cue is present E.g. a dangerous tackle/reinforcement Sports related cues: people /places/objects such as bats gloves etc. |
| Frustration-aggression(natural tendency) Dollard | Frustrated at being prevented from achieving the goals As frustration increases this leads to aggression If this can be released (as in retaliation) then aggressive behaviour will reduce If not then aggression will become more intense |
| Social learning (nurtured) | Aggressive behaviours are learned but can learn non-aggressive behaviour through observation Realistic events more likely to affect learning also if role model is observed if behaviour is reinforced Or more likely if they think it will not be punished |
| Instinct (natural tendency) Freud | Inherited Aggressive impulse build up and would be psychologically damaging Need a release of that anger, this can be displaced away from the anger onto the sports pitch This is known as catharsis |
| How to control aggression | Use mental rehearsal Individual stress management techniques Apply the rules correctly and fairly reinforce assertive behaviour promote fair play Learn to walk away Punish aggressive behaviour immediately Talking to players |
| How to develop assertive behaviour | • Punish aggressive acts • Develop player’s code of conduct • Remove from situation • Encourage peer support • set performance goals • Stress management techniques • Positive reinforcement for assertive play • Develop fitness levels |
Created by:
Tina Dean
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