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Social - Vocab
Social - grade 9 - vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Govern | To make decisions as a government and put decisions into action |
| Governance | The process of governing |
| Government | the body with power to make decisions for a society |
| Executive Branch | the part of the government responsible for putting laws into action |
| Legislative Branch | the part of government that makes laws |
| Constituents | someone who lives in a riding and is represented by an elected official from that riding |
| popular vote | the total votes cast in an election |
| minorities | groups in society who do not form the majority of the population |
| Judicial Branch | the part of government that interprets and applies the law by making legal judgements |
| accountable | answerable to someone for your actions; observable, transparent |
| civil service | the people who serve Canadians as employees of the government |
| assimilation | the process of becoming part of a different cultural group not your own |
| slogan | a phrase repeatedly used by politicians or marketers to present an idea |
| bias | an opinion based on unchallenged assumption |
| fair and equitable | governed by rules that apply to everyone, taking into account individual needs and circumstances |
| justice | applying laws |
| legislation | laws created through the legislative process |
| validity | the quality of being correct or true; when a statement is true and has a lot of evidence backing it up |
| community service | to help in the community; work performed by law offenders to serve a sentence in lieu of or in addition to jail time. |
| criminal record | a permanent record of breaking the law, which is public information |
| sentence | a consequence for a crime, such as, imprisonment which is determined by a court of law |
| prosecutor | a lawyer who has to prove that someone is guilty in a court of law |
| rehabilitate | to instill positive behaviors and attitudes |
| reintegrate | to make part of society again |
| colonialism | the process of establishing colonies; the region is claimed and governed by a country from another part of the world |
| Youth Criminal Justice Act | this law defines the consequences young people face for criminal offenses |
| Jury | a body of people sworn to give a verdict in a legal case on the basis of evidence submitted to them in court |
| jury duty | the obligation to serve on a jury |
| elders | an elder is a person molded by traditional culture in the aboriginal community |
| advocacy groups | a group of persons working on behalf of or strongly supporting a particular cause, such as an item of legislation, an industry, or a special segment of society |
| constitution | a special set of laws that establish a framework of governance |
| labour union | an organization of workers that acts to protect workers |
| Indian Act | federal legislation related to the rights and status of First Nations people, first passed in 1876 and amended several times over the years |
| Fundamental Rights | - freedom to express your opinions - freedom to choose your own religion - freedom to organize peaceful meetings and demonstrations - freedom to associate with any person or group |
| Democratic Rights | - the right to vote for members of the House of Commons and Provincial Legislature - the right to vote for a new government at least every five years |
| Mobility Rights | - the right to move anywhere within Canada and to earn a living there - the right to enter, stay in, or leave Canada |
| Legal Rights | - the right to be free of imprisonment - search and seizures are not allowed unless backed by law and evidence - the right to a fair and quick public trial by an impartial court that assumes that you are innocent till proven guilty |
| Equality Rights | the right to be free of discrimination because of race, national or ethnic origins, religion, gender, age, or mental or physical disibility |
| internment | a person in prison or other kind of detention for political or military reasons especially during a war |
| No-Fly List | the government banning certain people from traveling by air for security reasons |
| Anti-Terrorism Act | the act was passed by the government in response to the Sept 11th, 2001, attacks in the USA which extended the powers of government to respond to the threat of terrorism |
| discrimination | the prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. |
| citizenship | is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law of a country that bestows on that person the rights and the duties of a citizen |
| identity | the distinctive characteristic belonging to any given individual or shared by all members of a particular social group |
| Charter of Rights and Freedoms | - part of Canada's Constitution - it created constitutional protection for individual rights and freedoms which is applied to all laws and governments across Canada |
| Metis | a child of a French-Canadian and First Nations people |
| Woman's Suffrage | is the right of women to vote and run for office |
| affirm | to validate and express commitment to something |
| collective identity | the shared identity of a group of people, especially because of common language and culture |
| collective rights | rights guaranteed to specific groups in Canadian society for historical and constitutional reasons |
| Indian | Europeans used the word Indian to describe the First Nations of North America, although these people were diverse and had many names for themselves |
| entrenching | establish (an attitude, habit, or belief) so firmly that change is very difficult or unlikely |
| patriated | to bring to a country something that belongs to the country |
| assimilate | become part of a different cultural group |
| ethnocentrism | the belief that one's culture is superior to all other cultures |
| Anglophone | a person whose first language is English |
| Francophone | a person whose first language is French |
| official language minority | a group that speaks one of Canada's official languages and doesn't make up the majority population of a province or territory |
| publicly funded | paid for by taxes and provided by government |
| Number Treaty | treaties that Canada negotiated with First Nations in the 1800s |
| Royal Proclamation | Britain made the proclamation at the end of the seven years war which recognized First Nations rights to land, and established the principle of making treaties with First Nations through peaceful negotiation |
| residential schools | - children of First Nation descent were taken from their families and made to live and go to school there - they were disconnected from their language, culture and identities |
| policy vs. law | - policy describes objectives of the government within the law - law describes principles or conditions that must be followed |
| British North American Act | in 1867 confederation established Canada as a bi cultural, bilingual country with rights for Anglophones and Francophones |
| Manitoba Schools Act | - abolished public funding for Catholic schools - made Manitoba an officially english only province |
| Inherent Rights | existing in someone or something as a permanent and inseparable element, quality, or attribute |
| Metis Rights | the rights given to the Metis |
| immigration | the process of people establishing homes, and often citizenship, in a country that is not their native country |
| demographic | to do with the characteristics of populations |
| labor force growth | the growth of the labor force, or the number of people who can work |
| refugee | a person who seeks refuge in another country because of danger or persecution in their home country |
| family class | spouses, partners, children, parents and grandparents of people living in Canada |
| economic immigrant | skilled workers and business people |
| other immigrants | people accepted as immigrants for humanitarian or compassionate reasons |
| Points System | part of the criteria Canada uses to decide who to accept as immigrants: - English and/or French skills - education - age - arranged employment - adaptability |
| Immigration Act 1976 | - this act focuses on who should be allowed into Canada not on who should be kept out - this act gives more power to the provinces to set their own immigration laws |
| Immigration and Protection Act | - this act replaced the Immigration Act of 1976 - was passed in 2002 |
| Singh Decision | every person who seeks refugee status in Canada has a face to face hearing with the Immigration and Refugee Board - rights given through the Charter of Rights and Freedoms |
| Provincial Nomination Program | under this program provinces can nominate a percentage of the immigrants Canada selects each year - can specify that it needs immigrants with particular skills |
| Canada - Quebec Accord | - giving Quebec sole responsibility for selecting independent immigrants and refugees who are destined for Quebec - gives Quebec the responsibility to provide its own reception and integration services - linguistic, cultural and economic |
| manifest | clear or obvious to the eye or mind |
| noxious | harmful to living things; poisonous |
| evasion | the act of evading something |
| forage | the act of searching for food or provisions |
| poised | having a posed and self-assured manner |
| rendezvous | a meeting place that has been prearranged |
| proximity | nearness in space or time |
| replicate | to duplicate or copy |
| dexterity | mental skill or cleverness |
| meticulous | extremely careful and precise |
| tentative | something you are unsure or hesitant about |
| decadent | being self-indulgent or morally corrupt |
| despondent | feeling or showing profound hopelessness |
| lethargy | a state of sluggishness, in activity and apathy |
| economics | the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services |
| economic system | the way a society organizes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services |
| scarcity | in economics, the idea that land (materials), labor and, capital (money) limit the supply of what people want and need |
| privately owned | in economics, the part of the economy owned and controlled by businesses |
| land, labor, and capital | the 3 basic factors of production interact to limit the supply of what people need and want |
| publicly owned | in economics, the part of the economy owned and controlled by government and paid for by taxes |
| public good | what is best for society as a whole |
| shift left | more government involvement in the economy; a more liberal position |
| shift right | less government involvement in the economy; a more conservative position |
| consumers | people who buys and uses products and services |
| demand | the wants and needs of consumers for products and services |
| supply | the products and services created by producers |
| competition | in economics, rivalry among producers to sell products to consumers |
| unemployment | the percentage of the work force that does not have a job |
| strike | a work stoppage by workers; strikes pressure employers to respond to issues that concern workers |
| collective bargaining | negotiating as a group; is the key right established by unions for workers |
| labor union | an organization of workers that acts to protect workers rights and interests |
| planned economy | economic decisions are made by the government rather than by consumers and businesses |
| mixed economy | combines both private and public owned businesses |
| market economy | economic decisions are based on supply and demand, and prices are determined in a free price system |
| equalibrium | a state in which market supply and demand balance each other and, as a result, prices become stable |
| Crown Corporation | a company owned by the government |
| collective identity | a shared identity of a group of people; a common language and culture |
| consumerism | an economic theory that links prosperity to consumer's demand for goods and services; that makes consumer behavior central to economic decision making |
| boycott | a decision by consumers to stop buying a product or service as a way to bring about change |
| identity | - who you are - what you believe in and value - where you live - the groups you belong to - your way of seeing the world |
| health and safety | the concern for Canadian physical health |
| jobs | a paid position of regular employment |
| environment | the surrounding in which a person, animal, or plant lives |
| marketing | communicating the value of a product, service, or brand to customers for the purpose of promoting or selling that product, service, or brand |
| bandwagon effect | encourage you to buy a product or service because everyone else is |
| emotional appeal | use strong emotional language that connects with your fears and desires |
| glittering generalities | relate the product or service to words or images that promise everything but delivers little or nothing |
| plain folk appeal | relates a product or service to the experience of ordinary folks |
| testimonial | use celebrities or experts to speak for a product |
| scientific appeal | uses statistics or scientific data to persuade consumers to buy a product or service |
| GDP - Gross Domestic Product | measures the amount of wealth a country's economy generates |
| social programs | services provided by government to reduce economic inequalities and promote the well being of citizens |
| private health care | health care paid for by an individual |
| profit | money made from a product or service above and beyond the cost of providing the product or service |
| public health care | health care paid for by taxes |
| GST | a federal sales tax in Canada |
| black market | another term for underground economy |
| tax base | all the economic activity in a society; taxed by government to pay for services |
| tax evasion | misrepresenting what you earn to avoid paying taxes |
| taxation model | a policy of a political party or government about what to tax, how much to tax, and how to spend taxes |
| underground economy | economic activity based on buying and selling products and services illegally |
| health insurance | an agreement by a company to pay for your health services, in exchange for a fee that you pay each month or each year |
| income tax | tax based on a percentage of a person's income |
| political platform | describes the official policies of a political party |
| Tommy Douglas | the father of Canada's health care system; he championed the idea of a health care system available to all and paid for by taxes |
| political party participation | joining a federal political party in Canada allows you to participate in choosing it's leaders and formulating it's platform |
| bio-diversity | the number and variety of plant and animal species on Earth, including genetic variations within individual species |
| climate change | a rise in the average temperature of the Earth, primarily caused by emissions from burning fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas |
| GDP per capita | a measure of how well off the people of a country are |
| environmental issue | issues that arise because of human activities that change the natural world |
| ratify | to approve and sanction formally |
| Kyoto Proticol | was the first climate change plan the countries of the world negotiated |
| GHG emissions - | any atmospheric gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation produced by solar warming of the Earth's surface |
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