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Social Studies
Extra Credit for 6th grade Social Studies-2015
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Equator | The imaginary line that separates the Northern and Southern hemispheres at 0 degrees |
| Prime Meridian | The imaginary line that separates the Eastern and Western hemispheres at 0 degrees |
| Latitude | Run horizontally (east and west)-equator starting line(0 degrees latitude)- always north or south of the equator- measured in degrees N or degrees S |
| Longitude | Run vertically (north and south)- prime meridian starting line (0 degrees longitude)- always east or west of the prime meridian- measured in degrees E or degrees W |
| Archaeologist | Archaeologists hunt for evidence buried in the ground where settlements might once have been |
| Artifact | Weapons, tools, and other things made by humans |
| Fossil | Traces of plants or animals that have been preserved in a rock |
| Anthropologist | Anthropologists focus on human society |
| Nomad | Person who regularly moves from place to place for hunting/food sources |
| Technology | Tools and methods to help humans perform tasks- the sphere- fire- irrigation systems- the wheel |
| Domesticate | To tame animals and plants for human use |
| Hammurabi | King of Babylon- best known for his law code- laws were cruel and marked an important step towards a fair system of justice |
| Irrigation | Method of bringing water to a field from another place to water crops |
| City-State | Independent state made up of a city and the surrounding land and villages- had its own government |
| Artisan | Skilled workers who made metal products, cloth, or pottery |
| Cuneiform | Sumerian system of writing made up of wedge-shaped markings |
| Scribe | Record Keepers- knew how to read and write |
| Empire | Group of territories or nations under a single ruler or government |
| Sumer (ians) | A region in Southern Mesopotamia- Sumerians believed in many gods- Sumerians used river mud as their main building material- irrigation system- the wagon wheel- sailboats |
| Mesopotamia (ns) | The earliest known civilization- arose in what is now Southern Iraq- was on a flat plain bounded by the Tigris river and the Euphrates river- In order; Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Chaldeans |
| Babylon (ians) | Built near the Euphrates river- quickly became a center of trade- the king was Hammurabi- he created the Babylonian empire |
| Assyria (ns) | North, near the Tigris river- had fertile valleys that attracted outside invaders- built a large army- around 900 BC, they began taking over the rest of Mesopotamia- ferocious warriors |
| Nebuchadnezzar | Chaldean king- Chaldeans controlled all of Mesopotamia from 605 BC to 562 BC- Chaldeans made one of the first sundials- The hanging gardens- Chaldeans were the first to have a seven day week |
| Province | Political district- used by the Assyrians |
| Nile River (Valley) | Egyptians relied on it- they drank from it, bathed in it, and used it for farming, cooking, and cleaning |
| Hieroglyphics | System of writing made up of hundreds of picture symbols developed by the ancient Egyptians |
| Sahara | The largest desert in the world- bordered the Nile |
| Cataract | Steep rapids formed by cliffs and boulders in a river |
| Delta (Nile) | Area of fertile soil at the mouth of the Nile river where it meets the Medditeranean Sea |
| Papyrus | Reed plant of the Nile valley- used to make a form of paper |
| Dynasty | A line of rulers from the same family- only men |
| King Khufu | Was a pharaoh- had the great pyramid built for his tomb- 500 feet tall- 1 Ton of blocks- the length of 8 football fields |
| Pharaoh | The Egyptian kings- believed to be the son of a god |
| Rosetta Stone | Discovered in 1799- discovered by a French officer- unearthed in an old fort near Rosetta (30 miles from Alexandria)- translated over 20 years later |
| Deity | A god or Goddess |
| Embalming Process | A process developed by the Ancient Egyptians of preserving a persons body after death |
| Mummy | A body that has been embalmed and wrapped in linnen |
| Pyramid | Huge stone structure built by the ancient Egyptians to serve as a tomb for pharaohs- Served as protection from grave robbers, floods, and wild animals |
| Egyptian Religion | Sun God; Re- Hapi; God that ruled the Nile River- The Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was a son of the sun god Re-Polytheistic; believe in more than one god |
| Thebes | A city south of Memphis- Old Kingdom |
| Hatshepsut | A queen- made herself pharaoh- more interested in trade than conquest- used trade wealth to build monuments |
| Canaan | Lied along the Medditeranean Sea in southwest Asia- Israelites built a kingdom there ( in Canaan) |
| Moses | Led the Israelites out of Egypt- grew up tending sheep- found by the pharaoh's daughter- spoke to God through a burning bush- was a prophet |
| Monotheism | The belief in one god |
| Torah | Laws from God- contains the Ten Commandments- Moses- created on Mt. Sinai |
| David | Secretly anointed while Saul is king- known as a brave soldier- hidden until the death of Saul- returns after death of Saul- runs the Philistines out of Canaan- makes Jerusalem the capital |
| Jerusalem | Capital of the south kingdom of Israel- Judah |
| Judah | South kingdom of Israel- conquered by the Egyptians- later taken by the Chaldeans |
| Solomon | David's son- king after David- builds a temple in Jerusalem- has many famous proverbs quoted in the bible- people divided following Solomon's death |
Created by:
Koutsantanou
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