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US History Final Q4
Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gulf of Tonkin resolution | Authority granted by congress to President Johnson in 1964 to approve and support in advance " The determination of the president as commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attacks against the U.S |
| Cambodia | Country bordering Vietnam that Nixon had begun secret bombing raids |
| Paris Peace Accords | 1973 treaties that settle the terms for a U.S. withdrawal from Indochina, ending the war between the U.S. and North Vietnam. Left the North V. South Vietnam conflict unresolved |
| Guerilla warfare | hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes. Hiding and attacking rather than fighting in open area |
| Deferments | official postponement of certain people out of the draft for a number of reason—attending college, disabilities, health, etc. |
| Roe v. Wade | U.S. supreme Court ruled that there is a fundamental right ro privacy, which includes a woman's decision to have an abortion. Up until the third trimester the state allows abortion |
| ERA- Equal Rights Amendment | constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender |
| Pentagon Papers | ,000-page top-secret United States government report on the history of the internal planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the Vietnam War, led to public distrust, especially of Nixon |
| Counterculture | movement that just ignored normal American culture and created their own way of living. Based on peace and love, made of mainly college aged, middle class, white kids |
| Vietnamization | us troops slowly withdraw giving south Vietnam more responsibility |
| Domino effect theory | Eisenhower's explanation for stopping communism, if one nation fell to communism, the rest would fall |
| Body count | method used by General Westmoreland to show that the U.S. was winning the war. The Vietcong had no intention of quitting. The U.S. military misunderstood the method of how the Vietcong would fight for the entire war |
| Agent Orange | chemical herbicide used to kill leaves and thick undergrowth to expose Viet Cong hiding places |
| “Search and Destroy" | American war tactic that terrorized Vietnamese villagers by preventing them from joining Vietcong |
| China | Nixon visited China to make a neutral alliance after Mao Ze Dong wins, wants to prevent China from siding with Russians after it became Communist; wants to "Contain" China to ultimately force out North Vietnamese & use Chinese to scare the Russians |
| Camp David Accords | 1979 agreement reached between Israel and Egypt after long negotiations brokered by President Carter; Israel surrendered land seized in earlier wars,Egypt recognized Israel as a nation. Despite high hoped, it did not lead to a permanent peace in region |
| EPA Environmental Protection Agency | independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment |
| OPEC-Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries | international cartel that inflates price of oil by limiting supply; Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and UAE are prominent members |
| Realpolitik | "realistic politics," practical politics, ends justified the means, power more important than principles |
| Détente | relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China |
| New Federalism | attempt Nixon (later Reagan)to return power to the states, reversing the flow of power and resources from states and communities to Washington, and start power and resources flowing back to people all over America |
| CREEP- Committee to Re-Elect the President | an organization formed to run Nixon's 1972 reelection campaign, which was linked to the Watergate scandal |
| SDI a.k.a “Star Wars | Strategic Defense Initiative President Reagan proposed the construction of an elaborate computer-controlled, anti-missile defense system capable of destroying enemy missiles in outer spaced. Critics claimed that SDI could never be perfected. |
| Pay equity | the basing of employee's salary on the requirements of his or her job rather than on the traditional pay scales that have frequently provided women with smaller incomes than men |
| Supply-side economics | economic theory of "Reaganomics" that emphasized cutting taxes and government spending in order to stimulate investment, productivity, and economic growth by private enterprise |
| Changes to the Supreme Court | after Court orders Nixon to do something he tries to create more conservative court by picking judges…doesn’t always work |
| New Right | Outspoken conservative movement of the 1980s that emphasized such "social issues" as opposition to abortion, the Equal Rights Amendment, pornography, homosexuality, and affirmative action |
| Affirmative action | policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities |
| Moral Majority | Evangelical Christian organization that aroused its members to fervent support of Reagan and the Republican party in the 1980s |
| AIDS- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome | one of the greatest killers of the 20th century. Originally found in Africa. Although no cure has yet been found, new drugs are being developed to slow the disease's progress and give those afflicted a longer and better quality of life |
| NAFTA- North American Fair Trade Agreement | between Mexico, US, and Canada, free trade zone between the 3 countries. Was hoped that the tariff reductions would open up foreign markets to American industries, opponents feared that manufacturing jobs would go to where the labor was cheapest |
| Iraq | US invaded Iraq with the expressed goal of preventing the country from using weapons of mass destruction (which were never found). The US presence in Iraq was opposed by groups within the US. They remain as an advisory capacity |
| Domestic terrorism | involves violent political extremism, single-issue terrorism, and individual activities that originate within the U.S. |
| 26th Ammendment | allowed individuals 18 years and older to vote |
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