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Fisher US People
US History Regents Review Important People
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Frederick Douglass | Escaped slave who became abolitionist leader of the American Anti-Slavery Society |
| John Brown | Abolitionist who attempted to start a slave uprising in Virginia. Arrested and hanged for treason |
| William Lloyd Garrison | Abolitionist, founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society and publisher of The Liberator newspaper |
| Andrew Carnegie | Wealthy capitalist, owned steel monopoly |
| John D Rockefeller | Wealthy capitalist, owned Standard Oil Company monopoly |
| John Hay | Secretary of State who persuaded Europe to keep an Open Door Policy for US trade in China |
| Samuel Gompers | Founded American Federation of Labor union to support better working conditions |
| Upton Sinclair | Muckraker, wrote The Jungle exposing the meat packing industry |
| Jacob Riis | Muckraker, photographer and writer of How the Other Half Lives exposing life in tenement housing |
| Ida Tarbell | Muckraker who revealed monopolistic, abusive practices of Standard Oil Company |
| Lincoln Steffens | Muckraker, wrote Shame of the Cities about political corruption in St. Louis |
| Frank Norris | Muckraker, wrote The Octopus about railroad monopolies in California |
| Franz Ferdinand | Archduke of Austria-Hungary whose assassination in 1914 led to the start of WWI |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | Italian immigrants executed for murder, evidence was questionable and stemmed from nativism |
| John Scopes | Science teacher convicted and fined for violating Tennessee law by teaching evolution |
| Adolf Hitler | Fascist dictator of Germany during WWII |
| Langston Hughes | Harlem Renaissance author |
| Booker T Washington | Civil rights leader who supported economic equality for blacks and whites through vocational training and jobs |
| W.E.B. Dubois | Civil rights leader who supported immediate equality and higher education for blacks |
| Susan B Anthony | Fought for women's suffrage, formed national Woman Suffrage Association along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Fought for women's suffrage, formed national Woman Suffrage Association along with Susan B Anthony |
| Robert Oppenheimer | Head of secret Manhattan Project to invent nuclear weapons during Cold War |
| Douglas MacArthur | Colonel during WWII and Korean War. Fired by Truman for planning to push North Korean troops into China |
| Joseph McCarthy | Senator whose hunt for communists in the government ruined the lives of many people with false accusations |
| Alger Hiss | Government official investigated by HUAC for being a Soviet spy, sent to prison for perjury |
| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg | Couple executed for being spies and passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union |
| Orval Faubus | Governor of Arkansas who refused to obey Brown v Board of Ed Supreme Court decision to integrate schools |
| Martin Luther King, Jr | Black civil rights activist who supported civil disobedience to achieve equality for blacks |
| Malcolm X | Black civil rights activist who opposed integration and advocated separate racial identity for blacks |
| Rosa Parks | Black woman who refused to give up her seat on a public bus to a white person, her arrest led to Montgomery Bus Boycott |
| Cesar Chavez | Organized United Farm Workers union to achieve better working conditions for farmworkers |
| Betty Friedan | Leader of women's rights movement, author of The Feminine Mystique and founder of National Organization for Women |
| Rachel Carson | Wrote Silent Spring about the impact of pesticides and fertilizers on the environment |
| Oliver North | Colonel fired for 1986 Iran-Contra affair, selling weapons to Iran and using money to aid Contra rebels in Nicaragua |
| Saddam Hussein | Leader of Iraq, attacked Kuwait, leading to Persian Gulf War, tried and executed for crimes against humanity |
| Osama bin Laden | Organized Al Qaeda terrorist attacks against US on 9/11/01. Captured and killed by US Marines |
| George Washington | 1st President. Set precedents: two year term limit, Cabinet |
| Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President. Main author of Declaration of Independence, made Louisiana Purchase |
| John Adams | 2nd President. Helped write Declaration of Independence |
| John Locke | Enlightenment philosopher, natural rights theory, influenced foundation of democracy in US |
| John Marshall | Supreme Court Chief Justice, established judicial review, strengthened powers of federal government |
| Alexander Hamilton | First Secretary of Treasury, supported national banking system |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th President. Known for Spoils System, signed Indian Removal Act. |
| Dred Scott | Slave who argued for his freedom after living in free states, Court declared slaves to be property, not citizens. |
| Abraham Lincoln | 16th President, led during Civil War, signed Emancipation Proclamation to free slaves in Confederacy |
| Andrew Johnson | President after Lincoln's assassination, supported amnesty for the South after Civil War |
| Homer Plessy | Arrested for refusing to obey segregation law on train, Supreme Court ruled "separate but equal" was constitutional |
| Adam Smith | Wrote Wealth of Nations supporting capitalism and laissez-faire economics |
| Theodore Roosevelt | 26th President, supported environmental conservation and control of monopolies, used Big Stick policy in Latin America |
| Woodrow Wilson | 28th President, led country during WWI, proposed 14 point to achieve world peace |
| John Scopes | Science teacher convicted of violating Tennessee law by teaching evolution |
| Charles Schenck | Opposed draft in WWI, arrested for violating Espionage Act, court ruled free speech can be restricted during war. |
| Oliver Wendell Holmes | Supreme Court Chief Justice, ruled free speech can be restricted if it creates a "clear and present danger" |
| Warren Harding | 29th President, promoted Return to Normalcy, Teapot Dome Scandal weakened public opinion of government |
| Calvin Coolidge | 30th President, supported laissez-faire economics during Roaring 20's, stock market grows |
| Herbert Hoover | 31st President. Great Depression begins, supported "rugged individualism" and laissez-faire trickle down theory. |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | 32nd President elected to 4 terms, led during Great Depression, offered New Deal to fix economy, WWII begins |
| Harry S Truman | 33rd President. Authorized use of atomic bombs against Japan to end WWII |
| John F Kennedy | 35th President. Supported black civil rights, created Peace Corps |
| Dwight D Eisenhower | 34th President. Enforced integration in Arkansas, supported aid to the Middle East and SE Asia based on Domino Theory |
| Earl Warren | Supreme Court Justice whose rulings supported rights of the accused |
| Lyndon Johnson | 36th President. Signed 1964 Civil Rights Act to ban discrimination in public places, work, and voter registration |
| Richard Nixon | 37th President. Created OSHA and EPA, resigned to avoid impeachment after Watergate Scandal |
| Gerald Ford | 38th President. Only person to become President without being elected, faced oil embargo and inflation |
| Jimmy Carter | 39th President. Organized Camp David Accords peace treaty between Egypt and Israel |
| Ronald Reagan | 40th President |
| George Bush | 41st President. Cold War ends, US enters Persian Gulf War against Iraq. |
| Bill Clinton | 42nd President. Strong economy, impeached for lying under oath and obstructing justice but acquitted |
| George HW Bush | 43rd President. 9/11 terrorist attacks led to creation of Department of Homeland Security and signing of Patriot Act |
| Barack Obama | 44th President. First black president, "Obamacare" policy established to provide universal healthcare |
| Thomas Paine | Wrote Common Sense to encourage American independence |
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