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War/Global Politics
Unit 6 War & Global Politics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Samuel Adams | leader of Massachusetts Patriots |
| Patriots | Colonists who wanted to break away from Britain's control |
| George III | King of Great Britain during American Revolution |
| Loyalists | Colonists loyal to Great Britain |
| torries | believed the king should keep firm control of the colonies |
| whigs | believed in colonial self government |
| boycott | refusal to buy certain goods for political reasons |
| colony | a territory ruled by its mother country |
| duties | taxes on imported goods |
| economic pressure | forcing a government to do something by causing economic harm |
| legislature | a group assembled for the purpose of making laws |
| parliament | an assembly of persons to make new laws or change old ones |
| tariffs | taxes on foreign imports |
| New England Confederation | an alliance formed between: Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven & Plymouth colonies |
| Committees of Correspondence | committees organized during the Revolutionary War (towns, colonies) |
| Writs of Assistance | allowed British soldiers to carry out searches (duties) |
| French & Indian War (7 Years War) | conflict over US territory claims between the British & the French. British victory led to taxes on colonies |
| Sugar Act | tax on sugar |
| Stamp Act | tax on any printed material (in form of a stamp) |
| Quartering Act | required colonists to house & supply British soldiers |
| Declaratory Act | DECLARED that Britain had the right to tax the colonies |
| Townshend Acts | series of laws that set taxes on various goods (glass, lead, paint, paper & tea) |
| Boston Tea Party | Sons of Liberty dumped 45 tons of tea into the Boston Harbor to protest Tea Act |
| Coercive/Intolerable Acts | a series of laws to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party |
| First Continental Congress | delegates voted to ban all trade with Britain until Intolerable Acts were repealed |
| Second Continental Congress | created the Continental Army; signed the Declaration of Independence |
| Navigation Acts | required colonists to buy all imports from Britain (led to smuggling) |
| salutary neglect | Britain's policy of allowing colonists to rule themselves |
| The Great Awakening | religious movement that stressed independence from traditional authority |
| The Enlightenment | an intellectual movement that emphasized reason and science |
| Proclamation Line of 1763 | set boundaries for western settlement (What!?! We helped fight against the French & Indians & you're giving that land to the Indians!) |
| Boston Massacre | a clash between British soliders & colonists; 5 colonists were killed |
| Crispus Attucks | first casualty of the Revolutionary War (a black man) |
| Tea Act | colonists were forced to buy tea from the East India Company |
| Battle of Lexington | British soldiers sent to capture militia weapons; someone fired a shot (heard around the world!); first battle of the Revolutionary War |
| Mecklenburg Resolves | an NC document that declared NC's independence; predates the Declaration of Independence |
| Halifax Resolves | NC made 1st call for independence from Britain; was read before the Second Continental Congress |
| Battle of Moore's Creek | 1st Revolutionary battel in NC; prevented British from gaining control of the South |
| strategy | careful plan of action |
| Battle of Guilford Courthouse | Americans lost but destroyed 1/4 of the British forces |
| Treaty of Paris | Britain recognizes America's independence |
| nationalism | strong feelings of pride & loyalty to a nation |
| sectionalism | differences between regions |
| free-soilers | an anti-slavery party |
| secede | to break away |
| the Union | 23 states with Abraham Lincoln as President that wanted to preserve the nation as a whole |
| the Confederacy | 11 states (including NC) with Jefferson Davis as President that wanted to secede from the Union & form their own nation |
| abolish | to put an end to a practice |
| abolitionist | one who wanted to put an end to slavery |
| Missouri Compromise | Missouri = slave state & Maine = free state to maintain "balance of power" |
| Compromise of 1850 | California = free state; slavery decided by popular sovereignty |
| Fugitive Slave Law | easier to file a claim to pursue runaway slaves even after they are in the free North |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin revealing the horrors of slave life |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act (Bleeding Kansas) | wanted slavery decided by popular sovereignty in those territories--caused supporters of both sides to flood those places & fights broke out |
| John Brown's Raid | captured a federal arsenal; became a martyr for abolition |
| Nat Turner Rebellion | bloody uprising of slaves; resulted in laws forbidding the educatoin of slaves |
| Wilmot Proviso | attempted to stop spread of slavery to western lands |
| Dred Scott decision | labelled slaves as property |
| Jefferson Davis | Confederate States' President |
| Fort Sumter, SC | first shots of Civil War |
| Battle of Gettysburg | largest battle; depleted Confederate army |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Lincoln announced that all slaves in the Confederate (rebel) states would be freed |
| Appomattax Courthouse | Lee surrendered; ended the Civil War |
| War of 1812 | Britain attempted to put a blockade on American ports |
| Mexican American War | President Polk wanted to fulfill "Manifest Destiny"; took 1/3 of Mexico's land |
| imperialism | a nation's policy of conquering and ruling other lands |
| militarism | the idea that the military should be used to get what a nation wants |
| isolation | remaining separate from other countries |
| alliance | partnership with other countries |
| military draft | a way to bring people into the army |
| immediate cause of WWI | assassination of the Prince of Austria |
| reason for US entering WWI | sinking of Lusitania (Americans onboard were killed) |
| Zimmerman Telegram | intercepted communication from Gernany to Mexico promising them US land in exchange for fighting with Germany (WWI) |
| Treaty of Versailles | end of WWI punishing Germany |
| immediate cause of WWII | Germany invaded Poland (whose allies were France & Britain--who then declared war against Germany) |
| Axis Powers | Germany Italy Japan |
| Allied Powers | Britain, France (surrendered to Germany) USSR (after Germany invaded them) & US (after Pearl Harbor) |
| isolationist | one who believes that it is in a nation's best interest to keep the affairs of other countries at a distance |
| Pearl Harbor | Japan bombs US Naval base in Hawaii; US enters WWII |
| Hiroshima & Nagasaki | Japanese towns that were bombed by the US (atomic bombs); caused Japan to surrender |
| Cold War | time of tension between US & USSR without actual fighting |
| Berlin Crisis | Berlin was divided into 4 sections; US controlled West Berlin & USSR controlled East Berlin |
| Korean War | North Korea (Communist) invaded South Korea (US) |
| Vietnam War | North Vietnam (Communist) vs. South Vietnam (US); US fought to stop the spread of communism |
| Cuban MIssile Crisis | USSR was secretly building nuclear weapons on Cuba (within range of US land); US spy plan discovered; Pres JFK ordered a "quarantine" (blockade) around Cuba |
| Arms Race | the activity of one country tyring to build more weapons than other countries |
Created by:
srafinney
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