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MCAT Beh. Sci Ch. 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social Stratification Is Based On: | Socioeconomic status (SES) |
| Ascribed Status Is: | Involuntary and derives from clearly identifiable characteristics, such as age, gender, and skin color |
| Achieved Status Is: | Acquired through direct, individual efforts |
| A Social Class Is: | A category of people with shared socioeconomic characteristics. |
| Power Is: | The capacity to influence people through real or perceived rewards and punishments. This depends on the unequal distribution of valued resources. |
| Anomie Is: | A state of normlessness. Anomic conditions erode social solidarity by means of excessive individualism, social inequality, and isolation. |
| Social Capital Is: | The investment people make in their society in return for economic or collective rwards. |
| Meritocracy Refers To: | A society in which advancement up the social ladder is based on intellectual talent and achievement. |
| Social Mobility: | Allows one to acquire higher-level employment opportunities by achieving required credentials and experience. |
| Poverty Is: | A socioeconomic condition which is determined by the government's calculation of the minimum income requirements for families to acquire the minimum necessities of life. |
| Social Reproduction Refers To: | The passing on of social inequality, especially poverty, from one generation to the next. |
| Absolute Poverty Is: | When people do not have resources to acquire basic life necessities, such as shelter, food, clothing, and water |
| Relative Poverty Is: | When one is poor in comparison to a larger population |
| Social Exclusion Is: | A sense of powerlessness when individuals feel alienated from society. |
| Spatial Inequality Is: | A form of social stratification across territories and their populations, and can occur along residential, environmental, and global lines. |
| Environmental Injustice Refers To: | An uneven distribution of environmental hazards in communities. |
| Globalization Has Led To: | Further inequalities in space, food and water, energy, housing, and education as the production of goods shifts to cheaper and cheaper labor markets. |
| Incidence Is Calculated As: | The number of new cases of a disease per population at risk in a given period of time. |
| Prevalence Is Calculated As: | The number of cases of a disease per population in a given period of time. |
| Morbidity Is: | The burden or degree of illness associated with a given disease |
| Mortality Refers To: | Deaths caused by a given disease |
| Health Is Dependent On: | Geographic, social, and economic factors |
| The Second Sickness Refers To: | An exacerbation of health outcomes caused by social injustice |
| Poverty Is Associated With: | Worse health outcomes, including decreased life expectancy, higher rates of life-shortening diseases, higher rates of suicide and homicide, and higher infant mortality rates |
| Rank Of Racial And Ethnic Health Profiles From Worst To Best: | African-American, white Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders |
| Females Have Better Health Profiles Than Males Which Includes: | Higher life expectancy, lower rates of life-threatening illnesses, and higher rates of accessing and utilizing health resources. |
| Females Have Higher Rates Of: | Chronic diseases and higher morbidity rates |
| Efforts To Improve Healthcare For Underserved Populations Include: | The Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the Medicare and Medicaid programs |
| Low-Income Graoups And Racial And Ethnic Minorities Receive Worse Care Than: | White Americans |
| Biases Against Overweight Or Obese Patients Are Associated With: | Lower-quality treatment, including less preventative care and fewer screenings |
| LGBT Men And Women May Have Barriers To Care Due To: | Prejudices, discrimination, and homophobia |
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