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US history ch 16
The Cold War 1945-1960
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| satellite state | independent nation under the control of a more powerful nation |
| Cold War | worldwide rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union |
| iron curtain | term coined by Winston Churchill to describe the border between the Soviet satellite states and Western Europe |
| Truman Doctrine | President Truman's promise to help nations struggling against communist movements |
| George F. Kennan | an American diplomat and a leading authority on the Soviet Union |
| containment | policy of keeping communism contained within its existing borders |
| Marshall Plan | foreign policy that offered economic aid to Western European countries after World War II |
| Berlin airlift | program in which U.S. and British pilots flew supplies to West Berlin during Soviet blockade |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) | 1949; provided the military alliance to counter Soviet expansion |
| Warsaw Pact | military alliance of the Soviet Union and its satellite states |
| Jiang Jieshi | Chinese nationalist leader |
| Mao Zedong | Chinese communist leader |
| 38th parallel | divided communist, Soviet controlled North Korea from non-communist South Korea |
| Douglas MacArthur | World War II hero, devised plan to drive invaders from South Korea |
| limited war | war fought to achieve only specific goals |
| South East Asia Treaty Organization(SEATO) | defensive alliance aimed at preventing communist aggression in Asia |
| arms race | contest in which nations compete to build more powerful weapons |
| mutually assured destruction | policy in which the United States and the Soviet Union hoped to deter nuclear war by building up enough weapons to destroy one another |
| John Foster Dulles | was an experienced diplomat who had helped organize the United Nations after World War II |
| massive retaliation | policy of threatening to use massive force in response to aggression |
| brinkmanship | belief that only by going to the brink of war could the United States protect itself against communist aggression |
| Nikita Khrushchev | new head of the Soviet Union |
| nationalize | placing something under government control |
| Suez Crisis | attempt by France and Great Britain to seize control of the Suez Canal in 1956 |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | policy of President Eisenhower that stated that the United States would use force to help any nation threatened by communism |
| Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) | U.S. intelligence-gathering organization |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) | government agency that coordinates U.S. efforts in space |
| Red Scare | fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life |
| Smith Act | law that made it unlawful to teach or advocate the violent overthrow of the United States government |
| House Un-American Activities Committee(HUAC) | congressional committee that investigated possible subversive activities within the United States |
| Hollywood Ten | group of movie writers, directors, and producers who refused to answer HUAC questions about communist ties |
| blacklist | list of persons who were not hired because of suspected communist ties |
| Alger Hiss | accused spy; educated at John Hopkins and Harvard Law |
| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg | accused spies from the lower east side of Manhattan |
| Joseph R. McCarthy | West Virginia senator, charged that the State Department was infested with communist agents |
| McCarthyism | catchword for extreme, reckless charges |
Created by:
jnewmm
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