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US history ch 15
World War II 1941-1945
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dwight Eisenhower | general, commanded the Allied invasion of North Africa |
| George S. Patton Jr. | innovative tank commander |
| unconditional surrender | giving up completely without any concession |
| saturation bombing | tactic of dropping massive amounts of bombs in order to inflict maximum damage |
| strategic bombing | tactic of dropping bombs on key political and industrial targets |
| Tuskegee Airmen | African American fighter squadron |
| Chester Nimitz | commander of the United States Navy in the Pacific |
| Battle of Midway | turning point in the war in the Pacific |
| A. Phillip Randolph | Civil Rights activist that asserted that African Americans would no longer accept second-class citizenship |
| Executive Order 8802 | World War II measure that assured fair hiring practices in any job funded by the government |
| Bracero Program | brought laborers from Mexico to work on American farms |
| internment | temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group |
| Korematsu v. United States | 1944; Supreme Court upheld the government's wartime internment policy |
| 442nd Regimental Combat Team | all-Nisei; fought in the Italian campaign and became the most decorated military unit in American history |
| rationing | government-controlled limits on the amount of certain goods that civilians could buy during wartime |
| Office of War Information(OWI) | worked closely with the media to support the war effort |
| D-Day | June 6, 1944; the Allies hit Germany in force |
| Battle of the Bulge | December 1944, Hitler ordered a counterattack on Allied troops in Belgium, but it crippled Germany by using up reserves and demoralizing its troops |
| Harry S. Truman | new president after FDR |
| island hopping | World War II strategy that involved seizing selected Japanese-held islands in the Pacific while bypassing others |
| kamikaze | Japanese pilots who deliberately crashed planes into American ships during World War II |
| Albert Einstein | world famous scientist; signed a letter that alerted President Roosevelt about the need to proceed with atomic development |
| Manhattan Project | codename of the project that developed the atomic bomb |
| J. Robert Oppenheimer | physicist; one of the two primary leaders of the Manhattan Project |
| Holocaust | Nazi attempt to kill all Jews under their control |
| anti-Semitism | prejudice against Jews |
| Nuremberg Laws | served as spiritual center of Nazism, denied German citizenship to Jews, banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews, and segregated Jews at every level of society |
| Kristallnacht | "night of the broken glass" |
| genocide | annihilation of a racial, political, or cultural group |
| concentration camp | where members of specially designated groups were confined |
| death camp | where prisoners were systematically exterminated |
| War Refugee Board | U.S. government agency founded in 1944 to save Eastern European Jews |
| Yalta Conference | 1945 strategy meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin |
| superpower | powerful country that plays a dominant economic, political, and military role in the world |
| General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) | 1948 treaty designed to expand world trade by reducing tariffs |
| United Nations | an organization that would succeed where the League of Nations had failed |
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | document issued by the UN to promote basic human rights and freedoms |
| Geneva Convention | international agreement governing the humane treatment of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war |
| Nuremberg Trials | laws enacted by Hitler that denied German citizenship to Jews |
Created by:
jnewmm
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