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2nd semester study
U.S. History I 2nd semester study guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Henry Clay | The great Compromise. |
| Industrial Revolution | The ongoing effort to increase production through the use of machines. |
| First industry of I.R. | Textile |
| Spoils system | Supported by Andrew Jackson; practice of appointing people to government jobs on the basis of party loyalty and support. |
| Indian removal Act-> Trail of Tears | Passed by Andrew Jackson. |
| Educational reform-> Horace Mann | Leader |
| Seneca Falls Convention | 1st convention for women's rights. |
| Abolition Movement | Reform movement that caused the greatest tension between the North and South. |
| Fredrick Douglass | Escape slave who became a great orator and abolitionist. |
| William Lloyd Garrison | Published the Liberator. |
| Sojourner Truth | Former slave who traveled throughout the North, speaking out against slavery. |
| Tariff of Abominations | South Carolina threatened to secede when congress levied it. |
| Manifest Destiny | Idea that America would eventually stretch across North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific. |
| Brigham Young and Mormon Trail | Traveled trail and settled in Utah. |
| Battle of the Alamo | Fort outside of San Antonio, and was captured by Mexico after 13 days of fighting. |
| Battle of San Jacinto | Texas gained its independence here. |
| "Fifty- Four Forty or Fight" | Led to the treaty of 1846, settling the Oregon Question. |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | U.S. gained New Mexico, California and Texas. |
| Conscience and Cotton Whigs | A faction of the Whig party in the North Whose ties to textile manufacturing led them to emphasize slavery. |
| 49ers | Many immigrants, a peak of the rush. |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | A novel published by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 which portrayed slavery as Brutal and immoral, made northerners more skeptical of Slavery. |
| Underground railroad->Conductors->Harriet Tubman | A network of Secret routes and safe houses. |
| Dred Scott Case | A slave who sued the U.S. for his freedom after living in free territories. |
| John Brown's Raid | Racial equality, and dignified hearing after his capture, became a martyr in the North. |
| States that Seceded | Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, and Louisiana, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee. |
| Robert E. Lee | The leading General of the confederate army during the civil war. |
| Advantages of the North | -Had almost 4 times as many free citizens. -Had many people to grow food and to work in factories making supplies. -Had more than 70% of the nation's rail lines. -Had a strong navy and a large fleet of private trading ships. |
| Disadvantages of the North | -Northern soldiers had to conquer a huge area to bring the South back into the Union. -They were invading unfamiliar land. |
| Advantages of the South | -Defending their homeland gave them a strong reason to fight. -Had skills that made them good soldiers. -Many of the best officers in the United States were from the South. |
| Disadvantages of the south | -Had few factories to produce weapons, railroad tracts, and other supplies. Had few railroads to move troops and vital supplies. -The South had a small population, about 9 million lived in the Confederacy and 22 million in the Union. |
| Anaconda plan-> Winfield Scott | Part of a grand plan designed to control the seceding states. |
| "Stonewall"Jackson | Confederate general whose man stopped union assault during the Battle of Bull Run. |
| Capture of New Orleans | Union captured South's largest city. |
| Battles:1st Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg | 1st Bull Run showed that both sides needed training and war, would be long and Bloody. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | The nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." |
| General Grant | Lead the Union army to Victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil war. |
| John Wilkes Booth | Assassinated Abraham Lincoln. |
| 13th Amendment | Abolished Slavery in the United States. |
| Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction | The citizens of the South had to take an oath of Loyalty and once 10% of the state could rejoin the union |
| Radical Republicans(Plan for Reconstruction) | 1. Southern states had to approve the 13th amendment. 2. Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. 3. The South could not repay loans. |
| 14th Amendment | Granted Citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law. |
| Military Reconstruction Act | Divided the South into 5 military districts. |
| Tenure of Office Act | Was intended to restrict the power of the president to remove certain office holders without approval from the senate. |
| 15th Amendment | Declared that the right to vote shall not be denied on account of race, color, or previous conditions of servitude. |
| Scalawags | Was a name for Southern Whites who supported Reconstruction in the South often Republicans. |
| End of Reconstruction | Republican government Collapsed. |
| Carpetbaggers | People who came down from the North to help freedmen's Bureau. |
| Black Codes | Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed Black Slaves. |
| Trent Affair | U.S. (Northern) ship stopped the British ship Trent in Cuba and forcibility took 2 southerners. |
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Katwill678
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