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chapter 33
Scientific Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A belief in reason and logic as the primary paths to knowledge | Rationalism |
| A theory that Earth is the center of the solar system or the universe | Geocentric Theory |
| a path that one heavenly body (such as a planet) follows around another (such as the sun) | orbit |
| the theory that the sun was at the center of the universe | Heliocentric Theory |
| a theory that places the sun at the center of the solar system with the planets, including Earth, revolving around it | Copernican Theory |
| an object that is fired or launched such as a cannon ball | projectile |
| a measure of the amount of matter in an object | mass |
| an idea or assumption to be tested in an experiment | hypothesis |
| facts of information that have been observed in an experiment | data |
| an instrument used to make very small objects visible. invented by Leeuwenhoek | microscope |
| measures changes in the pressure of the atmosphere. Evangelista Torricelli invented the this in the 1640s. | barometer |
| An important instrument that measures temperature and improved by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit | themometer |
| Copernicus | According to his heliocentric theory, Earth and the other planets travel in orbits around the sun. The sun is at the center of this solar system. Earth also turns on its own axis every 24 hours. |
| Kepler | expanded on Copernicus’s theory After studying detailed observations, Kepler figured out that the orbits of the planets were ovals, not circles. With this insight, he wrote precise mathematical laws describing the planets’ movements around the sun |
| Galileo | built his own telescope he began studying the sky through a telescope He saw things no one had seen before He saw that the moon’s surface was rough and uneven He discovered four of the moons that revolve around the planet Jupiter obsevered Venus |
| Newton | discovered laws of gravity he realized that when objects fall, they fall toward the center of Earth |
| Bacon | He outlined a method of scientific investigation that depended on close observation. |
| van Leeuwenhoek | invented a key invention called the Microscope He became the first person to see bacteria |
| Torricell | invented a key invention called the Barometer |
| Fahrenheit | made thermometers more accurate. |
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