Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MCAT Bio. Ch. 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Intracellular Digestion Involves: | The oxidation of glucose and fatty acids to make energy |
| Extracellular Digestion Occurs: | In the lumen of the alimentary canal |
| Mechanical Digestion | Physical breakdown of large food particles into smaller food particles |
| Chemical Digestion | Enzymatic cleavage of chemical bonds such as the peptide bonds of proteins or the glycosidic bonds of starches |
| Pathway Of Digestive Tract: | Oral cavity --> pharynx --> esophagus --> stomach --> small intestine --> large intestine --> rectum |
| Accessory Organs Of Digestion Are: | Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder |
| Enteric Nervous System: | Wall of the alimentary canal and controls peristalsis. Its activity is upregulated by the parasympathetic nervous system and downregulated by the sympathetic nervous system. |
| Hormones That Promote Thirst | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin) and aldosterone |
| Hormones That Promote Hunger: | Glucagon and ghrelin |
| Hormones That Promote Satiety: | Leptin and cholecystokinin |
| In The Oral Cavity, Mastication Starts: | The mechanical digestion of food while salivary amylase and lipase start the chemical digestion of food. Food is formed into a bolus and then swallowed. |
| Pharynx: | Connects the mouth and posterior nasal cavity to the esophagus |
| Esophagus: | Propels food to the stomach using peristalsis. |
| Food Enters The Stomach Through The: | Lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter |
| Four Parts Of The Stomach: | Fundus, body, antrum, and pylorus |
| Stomach Has A Less And Greater Curvature And Is Thrown Into Folds Called: | Rugae |
| Mucous Cells Produce: | Bicarbonate-rich mucus to protect the stomach |
| Chief Cells Secrete: | Pepsinogen, a protease activated by the acidic environment of the stomach |
| Parietal Cells Secrete: | Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor which is needed for vitamin B12 absorption |
| G Cells Secrete: | Gastrin, a peptide hormone that increases HCl secretion and gastric motility |
| Food Particles After Mechanical And Chemical Digestion Are Called: | Chyme |
| Food Passes Into The Duodenum Through: | The pyloric sphincter |
| Duodenum Is The: | First part of the small intestine and is primarily involved in chemical digestion |
| Disaccharidases Are Brush-Border Enzymes That Break Down: | Maltose, isomaltose, lactose, and sucrose into monosaccharides |
| Brush-Border Peptidases Include: | Aminopeptidase and dipeptidases |
| Enteropeptidase Activates: | Trypsinogen and procarboxypeptidases, initiating an activation capsule |
| Secretin Stimulates The Release Of: | Pancreatic juices into the digestive tract and slows motility |
| Cholecystokinin Stimulates: | Bile release from the gallbladder, release of pancreatic juices, and satiety |
| Acinar Cells In The Pancrease Produce: | Pancreatic juices that contain bicarbonate, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic peptidases (trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, carboxypeptidases A and B), and pancreatic lipase |
| Liver Synthesizes Bile, Which: | Can be stored in the gallbladder or secreted into the duodenum directly |
| Bile Emulsifies: | Fats, which makes them soluble and increases their surface area |
| Liver Also Processes: | Nutrients through glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, storage and mobilization of fats and gluconeogenesis. It also produces urea, detoxifies chemicals, activates or inactivates medications, produces bile, and synthesizes album and clotting factors. |
| The Gall Bladder: | Stores and concentrates bile |
| Jejunum And Ileum Of Small Intestine Are Involved In: | Absorption |
| The Small Intestine Is Lined With Villi, Which Are Covered With: | Microvilli, which increases the surface area available for absorption |
| Villi Contain A Capillary Bed And A Lacteal, Which Is: | A vessel of the lymphatic system |
| Water-Soluble Compounds Which Enter The Capillary Bed Include: | Monosaccharides, amino acids, water-soluble vitamins, small fatty acids, and water |
| Fat-soluble Compounds Which Enter The Lacteal Include: | Fats, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins |
| Large Intestine Absorbs: | Water and salts, which forms semisolid feces |
| Cecum Of The Large Intestine Is: | An outpocketing that accepts fluid from the small intestine through the ileocecal valve and is the site of the appendix |
| The Colon Is Divided Into: | Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions |
| Rectum Stores: | Feces which are then excreted through the anus |
| Gut Bacteria Produce: | Vitamin K and Biotin (Vitamin B7) |
Created by:
SamB91
Popular MCAT sets