Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Clinical Nutrition 1
Final for NWHSU Clinical nutrition 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Calcium UL | 2000 mg |
| Calcium RDA | 9-18= 1300mg ; adult= 1000m-1200f ; adult 71+ = 1200mg |
| Calcium function | cofactor in blood clotting ; Cell signaling for nerve, muscle, insulin ; structural for bone and tooth |
| Calcium deficiency | Osteoporosis, muscle cramping, abnormal blood clotting, deficiency of Mg, Na, HCl |
| Calcium theraputics | Osteoporosis, kidney stones, hypertension, colon cancer, lead toxicity, PMS |
| Calcium toxicity | ONLY FROM SUPPLEMENTS, kidney stones, hypercalcemia |
| What increases Calcium deficiency risk | sodium excess, loss of HCl, Mg excess, Mg def, menopause |
| What diet components interfere with Calcium? | Protein intake >20%, phosphorus, oxalates, Phytic acid, sodium, alcohol |
| Magnesium UL | 350mg- causes loose stool |
| Magnesium RDA | Adults >31 420mg M 320mg F |
| Magnesium function | energy production ; synthesis of nucleic acids and glutathione ; cell signaling, ion transport, and structural(same as Ca) ; Cell migration (different from Ca) |
| Magnesium deficiency | RARE, neuro, personality, muscular cramping, chronic kidney failure, |
| Risk of Magnesium deficiency | GI & renal disorders, alcohol, age |
| Magnesium therapeutics | Hypertension, cramping, asthma, diabetes, osteoporosis, migranes |
| Magnesium Toxicity | Chronic kidney failure, GI disturbances, |
| Potassium UL | NONE |
| Potassium RDI | Adults >19 = 4700mg |
| Potassium Function | Energy metabolism, Na/K pump, Pyruvare kinase -> carbohydrate metabolism |
| Potassium deficiency | Hypokalemia- fatigue, cramps, arrhythmias |
| Risk of Potassium deficiency | Alcoholics, diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea |
| Potassium therapeutics | Hypertension, stroke, kidney stones, osteoporosis |
| Potassium toxicity | Hyperkalemia- tingling, arrythmias, lower bp(adrenal fatigue) from decreased aldosterone |
| Potassium RDI vs average consumption | RDI= 4700mg, AVERAGE= 3100mg MEN, 2300mg WOMEN |
| Sodium UL | Na=2300, NaCl (salt) = 5800 |
| Sodium RDI | Na=1500mg , NaCl=3800 |
| Calculate dietary salt intake | Na x 2.5 = NaCl |
| Sodium function | Membrane potential, Na/K pump, Maintain blood pressure and volume |
| Sodium deficiency | Not from decreased intake ; hyponatremia- cerebral edema, seizures, coma |
| Risk of Sodium deficiency | Vomit, diarrhea, exercise, sweating, increased fluid retention, endurance exercises |
| Sodium therapeutics | Salt restriction helps with gastric cancer, osteoporosis, kidney stones, and hypertension |
| Sodium toxicity | Hypernatremia- excess water loss+ decrease water intake, kidney failure rarely from excess salt intake, excess sodium leads to increased ECF volume |
| Compare RDI of salt vs average consumption | RDI=3800mg AVERAGE= 7800-11,800 MALE ; 5800- 7800 FEMALE |
| DASH diet | Diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, poultry, fish, nuts, and low-fat dairy. This lead to Lower BP and higher K |
| Salt reduction controversial | If you take too little salt in it can be more detrimental than taking in too much salt. Ideal range is 3-6grams |
| Iron RDI | Adults= 8mg MALE, 18mg FEMALE, 27mg PREGNANT |
| Iron Facts | 2/3 is in functional form, remainder stored in liver and bone marrow, power oxidant and potential harmful, copper INCREASES absorption, Calcium DECREASES absorption |
| Iron function | O2 transport and storage, energy production, Enzyme function- Anti oxidant, Pro oxidant, DNA synthesis |
| Iron deficiency | Most common deficiency in the world, remember from clin path |
| Iron therapeutics | poor intellectual development, lead toxicity, Restless leg syndrome, impaired immune functions |
| Iron toxicity | largest case of poisoning in children under 6, stained teeth, dark stools |
| What enhances/ inhibits iron absorption | Enhance: VIt. C, organic acids, meat, fish, poultry ; Inhibits: Phytic acid, polyphenols, soy protein |
| Zinc UL | 40mg |
| Zinc RDI | 11mg MALES ; 8mg FEMALES |
| Zinc food sources | Cashews, chickpeas, almonds |
| Zinc function | Catalytic role in 100 enzymes, regulatory role in gene expression cell signaling and apoptosis, structural role |
| Zinc deficiency | copper, iron, calicum, and folic acid impair zinc absorption, impaired tasted, poor wound healing, night blindness |
| Zinc therapeutics | Impaired growth and development, weak immune function, common cold, diabetes, macular degeneration |
| Zinc toxicity | Abdominal pain and diarrhea, GI distress at 50-150 mg, also anosmia-loss of sense of smell |
| Most abundant intracellular trace element | Zinc |
| Zinc and copper relationship | Zinc affects copper bioavailability 10/1 ratio, 60mg/day will interfeare |
| Copper UL | 10,000 ug or 10mg |
| Copper RDI | 900ug or .9mg |
| Copper function | Energy production, CT formation, Iron metabolism, melanin, MAO, antioxidant, gene expression |
| Copper deficiency | Very uncommon- anemia, loss of pigmentation, impaired growth, osteoporosos, |
| Increased risk of Copper deficiency | infants fed exclusive cows milk formula, premature infants, malabsorption syndromes |
| Copper Therapeutics | Immune system, osteoporosis, produces LDL oxidation in vitro(bad), provides antioxidant protection, lack of reliable biomarker for Cu nutritional status |
| Copper toxicity | Wilson's disease= accumulation in liver and brain, liver damage with long term use |
| Chromium UL | NOT ESTABLISHED |
| Chromium RDI | 35ug MALE ; 25ug FEMALE |
| Chromium function | enhances insulin, active component in GTF |
| Chromium deficiency | Impaired glucose tolerance, endurance exercise requires chromium, increased cholesterol and TG, peripheral neuropathy from diabetes |
| Chromium therapeutics | Useful in hypoglycemics, CVD, |
| Chromium toxicity | impared liver function |
| HEXAVALENT chromium vs TRIVALENT chromium | hexavalent is toxic (IV) and Trivalent is nontoxic (III) |
| Iodine UL**** | 1100 ug or 1.1mg |
| Iodine RDI | 150 ug or .15mg |
| Iodine function | Thyroid hormone synthesis. T3 active, T4 inactive; requires selenium to convert T4 to T3 |
| Iodine deficiency | Selenium, iron, and Vit.A deficiency exacerbate iodine deficiency, cretinism, hypothyroid, goiter, |
| Iodine therapeutics | hypothyroid, thyroid cancer, fibrocystic breast condition |
| Iodine toxicity | Rare, hypothyroidusm, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer |
| Selenium UL | 400 ug |
| Selenium RDI | 55ug |
| Selenium function | selenoproteins- glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductase, idothyronine deiodinases |
| Selenium deficiency | increase cancer, weak immune, kashin-beck disease, muscle weakness, keshan disease |
| Selenium therapeutics | cancer prevention, CVD, Viral infection |
| Selenium toxicity | Selenosis(850mg) brittle nails, GI problems, garlic breath(sulfur) |
| Fluoride UL | 10mg |
| Fluoride RDA | 4mg MALE, 3mg FEMALE |
| Americans consume how many grams of sodium a day? | 3.4g |
| Who does food industry blame for their effors to reduce salt | appetite for salt |
| who wins with a salt controversy | food industry |
| how long was DASH study | 1 month |
| What is the problem wit h salt-hypertension hypothesis? | We dont know if it does kill us prematurly |
| Howmuch salt in american diet comes from processed foods? | 80%Renin |
| Less salt = higher _____By decreasing sodium, food industry had to put more ______ | sugar |
| Assesment of data supporting salt hypothesis | inconsistant and contradictory |
| How did the food industry divert attention from salt? | fund research on calcium |
| The consistancy of salt consumption suggests how much salt we eat is drived from ______ | Physiological needs |
Created by:
tshermer
Popular Chiropractic sets