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Colonial Period
Colonial Period -- 1789
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Royal colonies | Royal (or crown) colonies were formed by the king, so the government had total control over them. |
| Proprietary colonies | Proprietary colonies were founded by a proprietary company or individual and were controlled by the proprieto |
| Charter colonies | Charter colonies were founded by a government charter granted to a company or a group of people. The British government had some control over charter colonies. |
| Mayflower Compact | 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. |
| William Bradford | A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks. |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | 1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government. |
| John Winthrop | 1629 - He became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony. He opposed total democracy, believing the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders. |
| Congregational Church | The Congregational Church was founded by separatists who felt that the Church of England retained too many Roman Catholic beliefs and practices. The Pilgrims were members of the Congregational Church. |
| Townhall meetings | A purely democratic form of government common in the colonies, and the most prevalent form of local government in New England. In general, the town's voting population would meet once a year to elect officers, levy taxes, and pass laws. |
| Halfway Covenant | The Half-way Covenant applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn’t achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs. |
| Voting granted to church members | 1631 - The Massachusetts general court passed an act to limit voting rights to church members. |
| Anne Hutchinson, Antinomianism | She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639. |
| Salem Witch Trials | Several accusations of witchcraft led to trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Afterwards, most of the people involved admitted it had been a terrible mistake. |
| Rhode Island, Roger Williams | 1635 - He left the Massachusetts colony and purchased the land from a neighboring Indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only colony at that time to offer complete religious freedom. |
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