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A New Nation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Articles of Confederation | document that created a limited central government for the United States; was replaced by the U.S. Constitution |
| Veto | to reject or cancel |
| Shay's Rebellion | uprising of Massachusetts's farmers, led by Daniel Shay, to protest high taxes, heavy debt, and farm forclosures |
| legislative | the branch of government that proposes bills and passes them into laws |
| judiciary | the branch of government, who interprets the laws, punishes criminals and settles disputes between states; the Supreme Court also decides if the laws are constitutional |
| executive | the branch of government that includes the President and the administrative departments; enforces the nation's laws |
| Great Compromise | agreement establishing that a state's population would determine representation in the lower house of the legislature (House), while each state would have equal representation in the upper house of the legislature (Senate) |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | agreement that said three-fifths of the slaves in each state should be counted as part of the state's population for determining representation in the lower house of Congress |
| ratify | approve |
| Anti-Federalists | people who were opposed to ratification of the U.S. Constitution |
| Bill of Rights | first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution |
| Checks/Balances | a system established in the Constitution that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful |
| Separation of Powers | the new national government established three separate branches of government to limit the power of any one branch |
| Popular Sovereignty | principle that would allow voters in a particular territory to decide whether to ban or permit slavery |
| representative democracy | a government that is ruled by representatives of the people |
| XYZ Affair | incident in which French agents attempted to get a bribe and loans from U.S. diplomats in exchange for an agreement that French privateers would no longer attack American ships; it led to an undeclared naval war between the two countries |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | laws passed to protect the government from treasonous ideas, actions and people |
| War of 1812 | a military conflict between the United States and Great Britain |
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