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Key Terms
Key terms of the Guilded and Proggressive Era (New and Improved)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Patronage | The distribution of jobs and favors on a political basis, as to those who have supported one's party or political campaign |
| Credit Mobilier | A scandal involving the Vice president and other Office members, who defrauded a large amount of money intended to go to the rail road companies |
| Political Machine | A political group that controlled the voting, by doing services for the poor, and then requesting that they vote for the requested candidate. One of the most famous ones, was Tammany Hall. |
| Dumbbell Tenenments | These were cheap housing units created when population increases in the cities. They were termed dumbbell tenements due to the design of the building, which looked like a dumbbell with many housing units sharing a corridor. |
| Settlement Houses | Social and cultural centers established by reformers in slum areas of American cities during the 1890s and the early 1900s. |
| Blacklist | A list of the "disruptive" workers, that had been fired from their job. Once a worker was placed on the list, it was extremely hard for him to get another job, because the list was circulated among employers. |
| Boycott | When customers refrain from buying a product, in hopes that the company will suffer, and in turn listen to their demands. One boycott took place during the Pullman strike. |
| Scab | A negative term for a non-union strike breaking worker, who worked regardless of the strike. |
| Anarchist | A person who does not believe in any form of government at all. |
| Socialism | A political and economic system which would replace capitalism with a system of public ownership of the means of production. The people would run the farms and factories, but also the government too, creating a classless society, where everyone was equal. |
| Muckraker | Investigative writers that exposed the social and political corruption of the time. They wrote about problems in order to raise awareness and cause reform. Examples of such, are Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Jacob Riis. |
| Direct Primary | This made it so that voters directly voted for the party's candidate, instead of party members voting at a convention. This was in an attempt to get around the political machines. |
| Initiative | This allows voter to propose laws by petitions, and to enact them directly through a popular vote. |
| Referendum | This allows to approve or reject proposed laws, and also to put put existing laws to vote. |
| Recall | This allows voters to remove an official from office before his/her term is over without trial. It is not the same as impeachment. |
| Trust busting | This was something that Roosevelt and Taft were known for. It was breaking up the trusts with acts like the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, and the Clayton Anti-trust Act. |
| Bully Pulpit | It refers to a powerful figure, who uses their authority to preach a message of character and duty. This was often used when talking about Roosevelt, but it could refer to anyone. It also has a rather religious connotation. |
| Arbitration | A method of settling an argument where a third party makes the final decisions. |
| Workmen's Compensation | This made the employers required to pay the workers for any sickness or injury cause by the job |
| Federal Reserve Act | 1913-This was created by Wilson, and established the Federal Reserve System. This divided the country into 12 districts, each with its own Federal Reserve Bank. It transferred the U.S. Monetary Policy from private bankers(like Morgan) to the government. |
| Disfranchisement | Not allowing someone to hold office |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | This established that the government accepted "Separate but equal" |
| Suffrage | The right to vote |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | This act was brought on by "The Jungle" |
| Meat Inspection Act | This act was brought on by "The Jungle" |
| Progressive Party | This Party was started by Roosevelt, for all the progressives. He started it so that he could run for President in the 1912 election. |
| Election of 1912 | Wilson ran as the Democrat, Taft ran as the Republican, Roosevelt ran as the Progressive, and Debs ran as the socialist. Because of the divided republican party, Wilson won. |
| 16th Ammendment | This enabled the graduated income tax. |
| 17th Ammendment | This said that voters could directly vote for senators, rather than have their state legislature indirectly elect them. This, like Direct Primary, was placed in order to give power to the voters, instead of political Machines. |
| 18th Ammendment | The Prohibition of Alcohol. In 1933, the 21st amendment repealed this, making Alcohol legal once again. |
| 19th Ammendment | 1920-Women's Suffrage |
| AWSA | American Women's Suffrage Association |
| NWSA | National Women's Suffrage Association |
| NAWSA | National American Women's Suffrage Association |
| ICC | Interstate Commerce Commission |
| NAACP | The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
| Ben Bernanke | The current chair of the Federal Reserve Board |
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