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Sociology
Sociology Chapter 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Deviance | behavior that departs from societal or group norms |
| Negative Deviance | involves behavior that underconforms to accpeted norms |
| Positive Deviance | involves behavior that underconforms to social expectations |
| Deviant | a person who breaks significant societal or group norms |
| Social Conrtol | ways to encourage conformity to society's norms |
| Social Sanctions | rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to social norms |
| Anomie | a social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent |
| Strain Theory | theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve these goals bye legitimate means |
| Control Theory | theory that compliance with social norms requires strong norms between individuals and society |
| Differential Association Theory | theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to |
| Labeling Theory | theory that society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant |
| Primary Deviance | deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that is not a part of a person's lifestyle or self-concept |
| Secondary Deviance | deviance in which an individual's life and identity are organized around breaking society's norms |
| Stigma | an undesirable trait or label that is used to characterize an individual |
| Victim Discounting | process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of the lower status |
| White-collar Crime | job-related crimes committed by high-status people |
| Crime | acts committed of violation of the law |
| Criminal Justice System | system comprising institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statutes |
| Deterrence | discouraging criminal acts by threatening punishment |
| Retribution | punishment intended to make criminal pay compensation for their acts |
| Incarceration | a method of protecting society from criminals by keeping them in prisons |
| Rehabilitation | process of changing or reforming a criminal through socialization |
| Recidivism | a repetition of or return to criminal behavior |
Created by:
halvy
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