Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Infectious Diseases
infectious diseases Final NWHSU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bird handlers are at risk for what Chlamydia disease? | Chlamydia psittaci |
| What are signs and symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia? | Rapid raise in temp, Chest pain, Chills, Productive cough, severe case cyanosis and confusion |
| What is the most common cause of community-acquired typical pneumonia? | Streptococcus phneumonia |
| What is the m/c cause of atypical pneumonia? | Mycoplasma pneumonia |
| What are the 2 disease caused by Hantaviruses? Which one is more important in US? | Pulmonary syndrome (US), Hemorrhagic fever w/renal syndrome |
| Which 2 fungal diseases are associated with bird droppings? | HIstoplasma capsulatum, Cryptoccosis |
| Which yeast has a large capsule that is virulence factor? | Cryptoccosis? |
| US geographical location of systemica fungal infections for blastomycosis (brown on map), coccidioidomycosis (sand color on map), histoplasmosis (blue), cryptococcus gattii (purple) | Blastomycosis (brown) Ohio River Valley, Coccidioidomycosis (sand) SW US, Histoplasmosis (blue) Mississippi River Valley, Cryptococcus Gattii (purple mountain majesty) West Coast US |
| Pneumocystis is a common cause of pneumonia in what group of people? | HIV+ |
| What fungus can cause a non-invasive infection characterized by a "fungus ball" that forms on pulmonary surfaces? | Aspergillosis |
| What age group is most seriously affected by respiratory synctial virus (RSV)? | infants |
| What kind of infectius agents cause most colds? | 90% viruses |
| What is the m/c bacterial causes of pharyngitis (sore throat)? | Streptococcus pyogenes (GABHS) |
| What are m/c causes of secondary bacterial infection in a patient with influenza? | Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenza |
| What bacteria cause scarlet fever? | Streptoccus pyogenes (GABHS) |
| Why is it important to treat strep throat? | Can develop complications like acute glomerulonephritis or rheumatic fever |
| Define antigenic drift and shift? | Drift =slight mutation in a single strain; Shift =Two different strains infect the same cell; re-assort segments of RNA that leads to new strain |
| Describe course of TB | Spread by cough->tubercle forms in lung->when infection is arrested, the tubercle undergoes fibrosis and calcification->in 5-10% of individuals the infection continues destroying more lung tissue and may spread to other organs |
| IN what cell can Mycobacterium tuberculosis survive and grow? | Macrophages |
| What do MDR-TB and XDR-TB mean? | MDR-TB is resistant to Rifampin and Isoniazid (first line drugs), XDR-TB is resistant to first line plus a fluoroquinoline and one second line injectable drug |
| What 2 bacteria cause about 70% of sinusitis infections? | Streptococcus phneumonia and haemophilus influenza |
| What bacteria cause otitis media? | Streptococcus phneumonia and haemophilus influenza |
| Describe the stages of pertussis? | Catarrhal stage: cold symptoms, cough similar to bronchitis; Spasmatic stage:follows catarrhal stage in 10-14 days, explosive or whooping cough, cough severity may break blood vessels in brain, eyes, face |
| Diptheria has two different pathological problems. Discuss them. | Pharyngeal membrane forms, Toxin in blood stream |
| Describe possible course of Nocardia infection | opportunistic infection affects immunosuppressed people through rich soil. The resulting pneumonia is chronic with abscesses, extensive necrosis, and cavity formation. |
| What bacteria cause most urinary tract infectinos? | ecoli |
| What bacteria cause about 30% of urinary tract infectinos in young women? | Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
| What STDs are characterized by genital ulcers/lesions? How would you differentiate them? | Genital herpes (painful, itchy vesicles), Syphilis (painless chancre), Chancroid (soft and painful), Lymphgranuloma venereum (painless and lymph nodes are enlarged) |
| Describe the stages of Syphilis | primary stage-3 wk incubation, hard chncre, painless, highly infectious, spreads through blood and lymph; Secondary - asymptomatic up to 24 wks, rash appears 6-8 weeks after initial chancre, rash/vesicles on skin/ mucours membrane, fever, malaise, headach |
| How is syphilis diagnosed? | nontreponemal test (anti treponemal antibody) VDRL and RPR or fluorescent treponemal antibody |
| What bacteria cause chancroid? | Heamophilis ducreyi |
| What bacteria are the m/c causes of pelvic inflammatory disease | Neisseria gonorrhoaea, Chlamydia trachomatis |
| When a doctor suspects gonorrhea and requests the lab to do a Gram stain of urethral discharge, what should the lab look for? | Gram neg diplocicci in the cytoplasm of a neurophil |
| What virus causes genital warts and an increased risk of cervical cancer? | Human papilloma virus |
| What protozoa cause genital infectins? | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| Which viruses can cause congenital and newborn infections? | Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis B, HIV, Herpes Simplex, Rubella, Parovirus 19 |
| What bacteria are most likely to cause meningitis in newborns? | Listeria monocytogenes infection |
| How does one become infected with Toxoplasma? | Eating uncooked meat, Contact with infected cat feces |
| Which bacteria can cause neonatal eye infectinos? | Neisseria gonorrhoaea, Chlamydia trachomatis |
| What are 3 different disease courses that the herpes simplex virus can cause in newborns? | Disease localized to skin, eyes, mouth; Encephalitis with or without skin, eye and mouth involvement; Disseminated infection involving multiple organs |
| How does the rubella virus cause congenital problems? | Inhibits mitosis leading to underdeveloped organs and tissues, can lead to miscarraige, still birth or congenital defects |
| Why is dangerous for a pregnant woman to have Listeria infection? | miscarriage or birth defects |
| What cells in human do the malaria parasites infect? | Liver cells (infected cell ruptures and releases meozoites in bloodstream where they infect RBC) |
| What are classic malaria symptoms? | Chills, fever at regular intervals, occurs when RBCs rupture and release the merozoites, as fever drops, sweating and exhaustion occur |
| What stage of Plasmodium in the mosquito infects humans? What stage of Plasmodium in humas infects mosquitoes? | Humans = Cycle A, Mosquitos = Cycle B |
| Which of the 4 species of malaria is most serious? | Plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, ovale, malariae |
| Discuss the pathology of malaria infection | RBC destruction leading to anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, capillary occlusions with local hemorrhaging and anoxia with the brain most severely affected, intravascular hemolysis in kidney, dormant sporozoites can relapse monts to years later |
| Compare the fever cycle in Brucellosis with that in Relapsing Fever | Undulant: fever (up to 105) raises and declines daily; Relapsing: sudden onset of chills than an abrupt high fever that lasts 3-5 days than a period of 4-10 days w/o fever, repeat |
| Describe the two types of plague | Bubonic: affects lymph nodes, not spread person to person, untreated has 75% fatality, treated 10% fatality; Pneumonic: affects lungs, bacteria in blood spreads to lungs, spread person to person, if untreated 100% fatal |
| What tissue does the Trichinella larvae infect? | Encyst in skeletal muscle |
| How does man acquire hydatid cyst disease? | ingesting eggs, adults are in dogs, many intermediate host for larval stage including humans |
| What tapeworm causes hydatid cyst disease? | Echinococcus granulosus |
| IN what tissue does Trypanosoma cruzi cause the most serious problems? | muscle cells of the myocardium causing fatal arrhythmia |
| Describe 3 eye diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis? | Neonatal conjunctivitis, Inclusion Conjunctivitis in adults, Trachoma |
| What free-living amoeba can cause a potentially serious eye infection? | Acanthamoeba |
| Describe the signs and symptoms of mumps | Sweling in the salivary glands (especially parotid), orchitis (testicle swelling), meningitis, pancreatitis, deafness in one ear. |
| In what cells does the Epstein-Barr virus remain latent? | B-lymphocytes |
| Compare the 2 forms of dengue infection | Fever-self limiting infection with high fever, sever pain in the head, back and muscle weakness; Hemorrhagic fever- re-infection causing hyper-immune response leading to bleeding, shock, possible death |
| Colds | Viruses- rhinoviruses, corona viruses, adenoviruses |
| Sinusitis | Bacteria- streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilis influenzae, chlamydia pneumoniae |
| Ear infections | Bacteria- Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae |
| Pharyngitis | Bacteria- Streptococcus pyogenes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Also many viruses |
| Scarlet fever | Bacteria- Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Diptheria | Bacteria- cornebacterium diptheriae |
| Whooping caugh or pertussus | Bacteria- Bordetella pertussis |
| Pneumonia | Bacteria- Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Viruses |
| Legionnaires Diseases | Bacteria- Legionella pneumophila |
| Q fever | Bacteria- Coxiella burnetii |
| Psittacosis | Bacteria- Chlamydia psittaci |
| Inhalation anthrax | Bacteria- Bacillus anthracis |
| Pneumonic tularemia | Bacteria- Francisella tularensis |
| Cystic fibrosis lung infections | Bacteria- Pseudomonas aeriginosa |
| RSV | Virus- Respiratory syncytial virus |
| Influenza | Virus- influenza virus |
| SARS | Virus- A Corona virus |
| Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome | Virus- Hantavirus |
| Tuberculosis | Bacteria- Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Blastomycosis | Fungus- Blastomyces dermatitisis |
| Histoplasmosis | Fungus- Histoplasma capsulatum |
| Coccidioidomycosis | Fungus- Coccidioides immitis |
| Cryptococcosis | Fungus- Cryptococcus neoformans |
| Aspergillosis | Fungus- Aspergillus |
| Pneumocystis Pneumonia | Fungus- Pneumocystis jiroveci |
| Bacterial UTI | Bacteria- E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
| Genital herpes | Virus- Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 |
| Syphilis | Bacteria- Treponema pallidum |
| Chancroid | Bacteria- Haemophilus dureyi |
| Lymphogranuloma venereum | Bacteria- Chlamydia trachomatis |
| Gonorrhea | Bacteria- neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| Nongonorrheal urethritis | Bavcteria- Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma genitalium |
| Bacterial vaginosis | Bacteria- Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis |
| Candidiasis | Fungus- Candida albicans |
| Trichomoniasis | Parasite- Trichomonas vaginalis |
| Pelvic inflammatory disease | Bacteria- Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis |
| Genital warts | Virus- Papilloma virus (HPV) |
| Viral infections in newborns | Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, Hepatitis B virus, Rubella virus, Human immunodeficiency virus |
| Bacterial infections in newborns | Treponema pallidum, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli, Group B streptococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis |
| Parasitic infections in newborns | Toxoplasma gondii |
| Malaria | Parasite- Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale |
| Brucellosis (Undulant fever) | Bacteria- Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Brucella canis |
| Leptospirosis | Bacteria- Leptospira interrogans |
| Plague | Bacteria- Yersina pestis |
| Relapsing fever | Bacteria- Borrelia recurrentis |
| Trichinosis | Parasite- Trichinella spiralis |
| Hydatid cyst diseases | Parasite- Echinococcus granulosus |
| Chagas disease | Parasite- Trypansoma cruzi |
| Eye infection | Amoebae- Acanthamoeba ; Bacterial- Chlamydia trachomatis |
| Mumps | Virus- Mumps virus |
| Infectious mononeucleosis | Virus- Epstein-Barr virus |
| Dengue | Virus- Dengue virus |
| Filovirus infection | Virus Ebola virus, Marburg virus |
| Malaria vector- | Anopheles mosquitoes |
| Relapsing fever vector- | lice and ticks |
| Chagas disease vector- | reduviid bug |
| Plague vector- | Spread from animal to human by rat flea or direct contact with infected animal |
| Dengue vector- | mosquitoes |
Created by:
tshermer
Popular Chiropractic sets