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Digestion
Digestion summary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| breakdown of starch in mouth | Ptyalin (salivary amylase) |
| starts breakdown of fat in mouth | sublingual lipase |
| glands that give rise to parietal cells (oxyntic cells), and chief cells (peptic cells) | gastric glands |
| cells produce pepsinogen | chief/peptic cells |
| converts pepsinogen to pepsin for protein digestion | HCl |
| Produces HCl | Parietal/ oxynitic cells |
| Produces intrinsic factor | Parietal/ oxynitic cells |
| Where does B12 absorption occur | terminal ileum |
| mucous producing cells in the stomach | mucous neck cells AKA cardiac gastric cells |
| glands give rise to gastric cells | pyloric glands |
| produce gastrin | gastric cells |
| mucous secreting cells in the small intestine, duodenum | Brunner's glands |
| buffers acid chyme from stomach | bicarbonate |
| helps cause release of pancreatic enzymes | water |
| secretin triggers from pancreas | bicarbonate and water |
| causes production of pancreatic amylase, lipase, and trypsinogen | cholecystokinin |
| closes pyloric sphincter in response to fats | cholecystokinin |
| inhibits gastrin in stomach | cholecystokinin |
| causes gallbladder to release bile | cholecystokinin |
| creates micelles which carry digested FAT to the microvilli of the lacteal glands for absorption into LYMPHATICS as CHYLOMICRONS | bile |
| long chain fatty acid absorption | lymphatics |
| medium chain fatty acid absorption | lymphatics or portal system |
| short chain fatty acid absorption | portal system to liver |
| Along with cholecystoknin, also helps close pyloric sphincter in response to fats | enterogastrone |
| converts tryspinogen to trypsin for breakdown of protein | enterokinase |
| trypsin activates wich proteolytic enzymes | chymotrypsinogen, proteolastase, carboxypeptidase |
| breaks down polypeptides | chymotrypsinogen |
| digests elastin fiber that holds meat together | proteolastase |
| helps break into individual amino acids then sent to liver | carboxypeptidase |
| protects pancreas from digesting itsself (pancreatitis) | trypsin inhibitor |
| mucous production small intestine | goblet cells |
| glucose+galactose | lactose |
| glucose+fructose | sucrose |
| glucose+glucose | maltose |
| shut off appetite centers in hypothalamus | leptin (from fat cells) |
| promotes appetite | ghrelin (from stomach) |
| increase appetite from hypothalamus | neuropeptide Y |
| helps insulin bring glucose into cell | adiponectin |
| when you've eaten enough | peptide YY |
| from Delta cells of pancreas | somatostatin |
| somatostatin inhibits: | insulin and glucagons, gastin and secretin, and rennin |
| form argentaffin cells in stomach, satiation | serotonin |
Created by:
polystachya
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