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MCAT Beh. Sci Ch. 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Habituation | Process of becoming used to a stimulus |
| Dishabituation | Can occur when a second stimulus intervenes, causing a resensitization to the original stimulus |
| Associative Learning | A way of pairing together stimuli and responses or behaviors and consequences |
| Classical Conditioning | An unconditioned stimulus that produces an instinctive, unconditioned response is paired with a neutral stimulus. |
| With repetition, the neutral stimulus becomes a: | Conditioned stimulus that produces a conditioned response |
| Operant Conditioning | Behavior is changed through the use of consequences |
| Reinforcement | Increases the likelihood of a behavior |
| Punishment | Decreases the likelihood of a behavior |
| Schedule Of Reinforcement Affects: | The rate at which the behavior is perfomed. Schedules can be based either on a ratio of behavior to reward or on an amount of time, and can be either fixed or variable. Behaviors learned through variable-ratio schedules are the hardest to extinguish. |
| Observational Learning / Modeling | Acquisition of behavior by watching others |
| Encoding | Process of putting new information into memory |
| Encoding Can Be: | Automatic or effortful |
| Semantic Encoding Is Stronger Than: | Both acoustic and visual encoding |
| Sensory And Short-Term Memory Are: | Transient and are based on neurotransmitter activity. |
| Working Memory | Requires short-term memory, attention, and executive function to manipulate information. |
| Long-term Memory | Requires elaborative rehearsal and is the result of increased neuronal connectivity. |
| Explicit (Declarative) Memory | Stores fact and stories. |
| Implicit (Nondeclarative) Memory | Stores skills and conditioning effects |
| Facts Are Stored Via: | Semantic networks |
| Recognition Of Information Is Stronger Than: | Recall |
| Retrieval Of Information Is Often Based On: | Priming interconnected nodes of the semantic network. |
| Memories Can Be Lost Through Disorders Such As: | Alzheimer's Disease, Korsakoff's Syndrome, or agnosia, decay, or interference |
| Memories Are Highly Subject To: | Influence by outside information and mood both at the time of encoding and at recall. |
| Both Learning And Memory Rely On Changes In: | Brain chemistry and physiology which depends on neuroplasticity, which decreases as we age. |
| Long-term Potentiation | Responsible for the conversion of short-term to long-term memory. This is the strengthening of neuronal connections resulting from increased neurotransmitter release and adding of receptor sites. |
Created by:
SamB91
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