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Progressives
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| progressives | group of reformers who wanted change |
| Teddy Roosevelt | first "progressive" president; most known for his trust-busting, natural resource conservation, and passing of the Food and Drug Act; believed in a "Square Deal" |
| William Taft | second "progressive" president; broke up trusts |
| Woodrow Wilson | third "progressive" president; developed the Federal Trade Commission; introduced the income tax and Federal Reserve System |
| muckraker | men and women who investigated and exposed corruption & conditions of the period |
| Ida Tarbell | muckraker that exposed Rockefeller and Standard Oil's bad business practices; wrote "History of the Standard Oil Company" |
| Thomas Nast | muckraker cartoonist that exposed political machines, particularly Boss Tweed |
| Lincoln Steffans | muckraker that exposed public and political corruption; wrote "The Shame of the Cities" |
| Jacob Riis | muckraker and photographer that exposed the poor quality of life in cities; wrote "How the Other Half Lives" |
| Lewis Hine | muckraker and photographer who exposed child labor |
| Upton Sinclair | author who wrote "The Jungle"; muckraker who exposed the meat packing industry |
| spoils system | practice of giving government jobs to political supporters |
| political machines | party bosses who influenced government decisions by taking bribes from people and overseeing voting practices (ex. Boss Tweed) |
| civil service examination | a test given to prospective government employees to ensure that they are qualified for the job |
| initiative | right of a citizen to place an issue before the voters or legislature for approval |
| referendum | practice of letting voters accept or reject issues proposed by legislators |
| recall | right that enables voters to remove elected officials from office |
| 16th amendment | Gave Congress power to collect income tax |
| 17th amendment | Direct election of senators |
| 18th amendment | prohibition; banned the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol |
| 19th amendment | women's suffrage |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | Illegal for corporations to gain control of industries by forming trusts; Not entirely enforced |
| Clayton Anti-Trust Act | created price differences; Outlawed buying of stock in competing companies |
| Federal Reserve Act | Improved nation’s monetary system Created modern banking system Created more flexible currency system, which allowed banks to control the money supply |
| Federal Trade Commission | Prevented larger companies from destroying smaller ones; Protected healthy competition |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | Barred the use of harmful additives & misleading advertising |
| Meat Inspection Act | Created a meat inspection program |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| Temperance Movement | the movement to eliminate alcohol in society |
| conservation | to protect the natural resources |
| Square Deal | Roosevelt's promise of fair and equal treatment for all |
| settlement house | a place where the poor could live, learn a skill/get an education, and work |
| Hull House | a specific settlement house |
| Jane Addams | created the Hull House and fought for public reform |
| Square Deal | Roosevelt's belief and program that everyone should be given equal opportunity (or treated fairly) |
Created by:
Mrs.Rizzo
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