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History II
FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dwight Eisenhower | Amer. gen. and commander of Allied forces during WWII |
| George S. Patton Jr. | Amer. gen. and tank commander during WWII |
| unconditional surrender | giving up completely without any concessions |
| saturation bombing | dropping massive amounts of bombs to inflict max. damage |
| Strategic bombing | dropping bombs on key targets to destroy the enemy's capacity to make war |
| Tuskegee Airmen | Afr. Amer. squadron that escorted bombers in the air war over Europe during WWII |
| Chester Nimitz | commander of the U.S. Navy in the Pacific |
| Battle of Midway | Amer. victory and turning point of the war in the Pacific |
| A. Philip Randolph | Afr. Amer. labor leader |
| Executive Order 8802 | WWII measure that assured fair hiring practices in jobs funded with gov. money |
| bracero program | program in which laborers were brought from Mexico to work on Amer. farms |
| internment | temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group |
| Korematsu v. U.S. | Supreme Court case that upheld the government's wartime internment policy |
| 442nd Regimental Combat Team | Jap. Amer. combat team that became the most decorated military unit in Amer. history |
| rationing | system that limits the amount of certain goods ppl can buy |
| Office of War Information | encouraged support of the war effort |
| D-Day | June 6, 1944 the day Allied forces invaded France |
| Battle of the Bulge | Ger. counterattack that failed, resulting in a Allied victory |
| Harry S. Truman | Pres. during the end of WWII |
| island hopping | Amer. strategy of capturing selected islands in the Pacific in a steady path to Japan |
| kamikaze | Jap, pilots who deliberately crashed their planes into Amer. ships |
| Albert Einstein | world famous scientist who alerted Roosevelt of the need to develop atomic weapons |
| Manhattan Project | code name for the program to develop an atomic bomb |
| J. Robert Oppenheimer | key leader of the Manhattan Project |
| Holocaust | name now used to describe the systematic murder by the Nazis of Jews and others |
| anti- semitism | prejudice and discrimination against Jewish ppl. |
| Nuremberg Laws | laws enacted by Hitler that denied Ger, citizenship to Jews |
| Kristallnacht | Nov. 9, 1938 organized violence in which Jews were arrested and killed and synagogues burned |
| genocide | willful annihilation of a racial,political, or cultural group |
| concentration camp | camps used by the Nazis to imprison 'undesirable' members of society |
| death camp | Nazi came designed for the extermination of prisoners |
| War Refugee Board | U.S. gov. agency founded in 1944 to save Eastern European Jews |
| Yalta Conference | big three agreed for Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania to have free elections |
| Clement Atlee | became prime minister of Britain |
| Gen. Douglas MacArthur | head of the Amer. military and supervised the writing of Japan's new constitution |
| Japan's new constitution | abolished the armed forces except for purposes of defense and gave voting rights to women. Changed Japan politically |
| super powers | U.S. and the Axis Powers (Soviet Union) |
| International Monetary Funds and the World Banks | U.S. provided most of working capital for these new org. which worked to foster global economic and financial stability |
| Gen. Agreement on Tariffs and Trade | designed to expand world trade by reducing tariffs |
| United Nations | wanted to stay away from war and be in peace |
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | condemns slavery and torture, uphold freedom of speech, religion and standard living |
| Geneva Convention | inter. agreement governing the humane treatment of wounded soldiers and prisoners of war |
| Nuremberg Trials | prosecuted Nazi for their crimes |
| satellite state | indep. nation under the control of a more powerful nation |
| Cold War | struggle in which the U.S. and Soviet Union became rivals but never fought directly in military conflict |
| iron curtain | imaginary barrier separating Soviet-controlled countries and the free world |
| Truman Doctrine | Pres. Truman;s policy to aid nations struggling against communism |
| containment | policy of keeping communism contained within its existing borders |
| Marshall Plan | U.S. aid program to help Western Europe rebuild after WWII |
| Berlin airlift | operation in which the U.S. and Britain broke the Soviet blockade of West Berlin |
| North Atlantic Treaty Org. | military alliance to counter Soviet expansion |
| Warsaw Pact | rival military alliance formed by the Soviet Union and its satellite states |
| Jiang Jieshi | nationalist leader in China |
| Mao Zadong | communist leaser in China |
| 38th Parallel | dividing line between N. Korea and S. Korea |
| Douglas MacArthur | WWII hero who commanded Amer. troops in S. Korea |
| limited war | war fought to achieve only specific goals |
| Southeast Asia Treaty Org. (SEATO) | defensive alliance aimed at preventing the spread of communism in Southeast Asia |
| Atomic Energy Commission | produced hydrogen bomb and restored U.S. advantage over S. Union |
| arms race | contest in which nations compete to build more powerful weapons |
| mutually assured destruction | would prevent the use of nuclear device |
| Pres. Eisenhower | accepted Truman's policy but wanted to actively contain communism |
| John Foster Dulles | Sec. of State and believed the same visions as the Eisenhower |
| new policy | focused on nuclear weapons or building planes, missiles, submarines and saved money |
| massive retaliation | threatening to use massive forces in response to aggression |
| Nikita Khrushchev | became the head of S. Union and wanted peace |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser | Pres. of Egypt and rationalized Suez Canal |
| rationalized | placing it under gov. control |
| Suez Crisis | excuse to seize control of Suez Canal |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | Doctrine made in response to S. Union and Middle East --use force to help Midd. Eastern nations from communism |
| Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) | aided a coup that installed a new gov. in Iran, helped place anti-communist leaders in power, and created long-term resentment against U.S. |
| National Defense Education Act | intended to produce more scientists and teachers of science |
| National Aeronautics and Space Adm. (NASA) | to coordinate the space-related efforts on Amer. scientists and military |
| Rosenberg Case | focused on atomic secrets, heightened fears of nuclear disaster |
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