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Unit 1
Honors Sociology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sociology | the systematic study of human society and social interactions |
| Society | a large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory and its subject to the same political authority and dominant culture expectations |
| Social Imagination | C. Wright Mills coined this as " the ability to perceive and connect personal issues in the context of societal occurances |
| Industrial Revolution | this event birther urbanized communities and the systematic observation of peoples and culture |
| Chicago School | the first college with a sociology program in the U.S. |
| August Comte | french philosopher who coined the phrase "sociology" |
| Comte Theories | social statics, social dynamics, positivism |
| social statics | forces that cause social order and adequate stability |
| social dynamics | foces that cause conflict and change in society |
| positivism | the belief that the world is best understood through scientific inquiry |
| Functional Perspective | based on the assumption that society is a stable and orderly system |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | professor who started sociology program at Atlanta University |
| double-consciousness | the indentity conflict of being both black and American |
| Talcott Parsons | functionalist who stressed the importance of family roles and the support of social institutions in aiding families as the foundation of social order. |
| Anomie | a condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and a sense of purpose in society |
| Culture | the knowledge, language, values, customs, and material objects that are passed down in a society |
| Material Culture | the tangible creations within a culture such as buildings |
| Nonmaterial Culture | the abstract creations within a culture such as language |
| Beliefs | the mental acceptance that certain things are true or real |
| Culture Universals | ensure the smooth and continual operation of society; imposement of culture by dominance |
| Cultural Universals | appearance, activities, social institutions, and custom practices |
| Components of Culture | Symbols, Language, Values and Norms |
| Symbols | anything that meaningfully represents something else |
| Language | a set of symbols that expresses ideas and enables people to think and communicate |
| Values | the collective ideas of what is positive and negative in a society |
| Norms | established rules of behavior and standards of conduct |
| Folkways | informal norms and everyday customs |
| Mores | considered essential for stability; taboos, such as incest |
| Laws | formal, standardized norms |
| Value Contradictions | values that contradict one another or are mutally exclusive |
| Culture Lag | the gap between technical development and its moral and legal institutions |
| Cultural Diversity | natural or social circumstances creating a mixed culture |
| Subculture | a category of people who share distinguishable attributes that set them apart from the dominant culture. |
| Counter Culture | a group that strongly rejects the dominant culture |
| Culture Shock | the disorientation one experiences when put into societies radically different from theirs |
| Ethnocentrism | using one's society to analyze others; seeing your society as standard |
| Cultural Relativism | the practice of analyzing a society through their own standards |
| High Culture | activities patronized and endowed by the elite |
| Popular Culture | activities that primarily appeal to the middle and working classes |
| Cultural Imperialism | extensive infusion of one's national culture into other nation's |
| Social Stratification | the hierarchical arrangement of large social groups based on their control over basic resources |
| Social Mobility | the movement of individuals or groups from one class to another in a stratification system |
Created by:
andrewjodonnell
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