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historyteston12-4-08
history test on 12-4-08
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Frederick Jackson Turner’s Frontier Thesis | he saidthe West explained and defined American progress and character. |
| Decline of NAs (know 4) Buffalo and Salmon | The plains Indians depended heavily on buffalo, which had become almost extinct (295) The Pacific Northwest Indians depended heavily on salmon, which suffered the same fate. |
| Decline of NA's - Disease Disease Lack of Unity Types of whites on frontier Women and children Treaty breaking | syphilis and gonorrhea, which natives contracted from whites, also wreaked havoc on their populations |
| Decline of NAs Lack of Unity | Lack of Unity-Indians were separated into small bands and family groups. This prevented them from attaining true unity against white encroachment |
| Decline of NAs Types of whites on the frontier | Most whites on the frontier were male, young, unmarried, bold, armed and prone to violent behavior. They frequently killed Indians whom they believed to be primitive, lazy and cruel. |
| Decline of NAs Types of whites on the frontier continued | Natives were at a huge disadvantage because they had to protect women and children. |
| Reservations Type of land Effect on native culture and independence | the land the reservations were on was the worst land available.Reservations – from 1860-1880, the gov’t tried to force Indians onto reservations where, it was thought, they could be “civilized.” |
| reservations effect on native culture and independence continued | The gov’t promised to provide food, clothing and other necessities.Indians had no say over their own affairs – they were denied citizenship. |
| reservations effect on native culture and independence continued continued | Reservations destroyed Indian culture – they had become dependent children and many succumbed to drug abuse and crime. |
| Indian Wars Wounded Knee Native disadvantages | The last Native Resistance came at Wounded Knee in 1890, when a group of resistant Lakotas were being arrested. One Lakota fired a pistol. The U.S. military responded with newly invented Gatling guns, and mowed down 153 men, women and children. |
| Indian Wars Wounded Knee Native disadvantages continued | This event officially closed the frontier.Though natives had shown great military skill, shortage of supplies always kept them at an insurmountable disadvantage. |
| Indian Policy Reform What shift was made? What are the new specific goals? | late 1800s, gov’t policymakers favored more peaceful means of dealing with western natives.tried to get the Indians to adopt white values of individuality, ambition, thrift and materialism. |
| Indian Policy Reform What are the new specific goals? continued | Gov’t efforts tried to impose white styles of education, work and society. |
| Indian Policy Reform Dawes-Severalty Act | disbanded communal native lands and gave them out to individual Indian families. Families who accepted the land would become U.S. citizens.From 1887-1930, Indian landholding fell from 138 to 52 mil acresHow did this act foster assimilation? |
| Soil of West | good soil but very dry |
| Irrigation in West Importance of Gov’t promotion of Newlands Reclamation Act | Extensive irrigation projects Paid for by state gov’t.Water Departments were often the first state gov’t institutions in a town. |
| Irrigation in West Gov't promotion of Newlands Reclamation Act continued | Congress passes this law which limited sale of Federal lands to private citizens to no more than 160 acres (relatively small at the time). Wanted denser populations. Revenue went to Irrigation Projects. |
| Railroads Gov’t promotion of Growth of Power of Effect on western communities Effect on US culture | from 1865 to 1890, RR track in the US went from 35,000 to 200,000 miles. Gov’t gave RRs 230 million acresSouthern Pacific RR threatened to bypass LA if the city didn’t build them a station. LA complied. Towns along the RR boomed and prospered. |
| Railroads Growth of Power of Effect on western communities Effect on US culture continued | RRs “shrink” the country and alter people’s perception of space and time. Instead of expressing distance in miles, people began to refer to the amount of time it took to get from one place to another. |
| Railroads Growth of Power of Effect on western communities Effect on US culture continued continued | RRs established 4 time zones in the country to standardize time.RRs recruit settlers from Germany, Sweden and Denmark.Hundreds of thousands of people migrate to the West from 1870-1890. |
| Mail-order | catalogues allow anyone to get anything anywhere (that there was a post office). |
| Mechanization of agriculture – effect on industry Effect on US economy and culture | continued to spread and improve with inventions like steel (harder and more durable than iron). In 1800, one farmer could harvest 7.5 acres. In 1880, one could harvest 135. |
| Mechanization of agriculture – effect on industry Effect on US economy and culture continued | RRs allowed farmers to feed people far away (i.e. not every town and state needed farms). |
| Gov’t promotion of agricultural projects Morrill Land Grant Act Grants to scientists and farmers | Congress gives grants to scientists to develop new crops and improve existing ones.Morrill Land Grant Act – gave states money to create agricultural education programs. |
| Gov’t promotion of agricultural projects Grants to scientists and farmers continued | Gov’t rewarded farmers who experimented with using and creating new technologies. (305)One journalist called America the “Garden of the World”Less time farming meant more time creating (art, science, tech, etc.) |
| Describe the government’s role in the development of the West and support with evidence. | the government supported the development of the West in that it gave grants to build RRs and also to Scientists and farmers |
Created by:
hgrady
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