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Progressive
Industrialization, Immigration and the Progressive Movement
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Thomas Edison | Although credited with its invention, he did NOT invent the light bulb. His greatest invention was the power station. |
| George Eastman | The Father of Modern Photography and film, this man founded the Eastman-Kodak Company. Kodak produced the first portable, user friendly cameras. |
| USS Maine | This American Battleship was sunk while in port at Cuba. The Spanish-American War started soon after this event. |
| Imperialism | When one country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world by military or economic means. |
| Political Machines | These organizations were run by "bosses" such as Boss Tweed, and Honest John Kelly. They retained power by coercing immigrants and the poor into voting for them by promising jobs, using bribes and promising to bring immigrants families to America. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | This teacher for the hearing impaired is famous for inventing the telephone. |
| Henry Bessimer | This English engineer developed the affordable process for manufacturing steel. |
| Industrial capitalists | These men took advantage of America's free enterprise system to capitalize on thriving industries. A few examples would be Cornelius Vanderbilt, J.P. Morgan and John D. Rockefeller. |
| Henry Ford | This entrepreneur adapted the assembly line to mass produce cars. He founded a Motor Company which still exists today. |
| George Washington Carver | This African-American botanist discovered over 300 uses for the peanut. |
| Hull House | Jane Addams opened this settlement house to help the needy. She helped them by providing child care classes, kindergarten and recreational activities for older children. |
| Swift and Armour | These two meat packing giants joined forces to form the National Packing Company which was also known as the "Beef Trust" |
| Anti-Trust Laws | A set of laws which keeps the free market economy flowing by preventing corporations from joining together to form a monopoly. |
| Immigration reform | During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, immigrants were required to pass health examinations and literacy tests. Policies such as a quota system and banning immigration from certain countries were also initiated during reform. |
| Yellow Journalism | This style of newspaper reporting emphasized sensationalism over facts. This type of reporting was one of the factors in starting the Spanish-American War along with the sinking of the USS Maine. |
| Rough Riders | Teddy Roosevelt was second in command of this group of volunteer soldiers who fought in the Spanish-American War. |
| Ida B. Wells | This African-American teacher was drew attention to the inequities of segregation when she filed a lawsuit against the railroad. She was thrown off a train for trying to sit in a "white only" car. "Grandmother of the Civil Rights Movement". |
| Samuel Gompers | This reformer was the first president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). His organization helped change working conditions in America. They fought for better wages, shorter workdays, and better workplace conditions. |
| Mass Immigration Effects | The mass immigration of the early 1900's caused a growing sense of protectionism and nativism in American citizens. Americans wanted to protect the culture and customs they had established to that point. |
| Protectionism | The practice of protecting a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports. |
| Nativism | The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. |
| Land of Opportunity | America was viewed as the land of opportunity by immigrants because of the availability of jobs and land. The United States offered the promise of a new start. |
| Jim Crow laws | These laws made it legal to keep White Americans and African Americans separate (segregation). The effect of Jim Crow laws was inequalities in schools, hospitals and transportation and disenfranchisement of African-Americans. |
| George Jordon | After the Civil War, this African-American Tennessean, a former slave, made a name for himself as a Buffalo Soldier in the American West. |
| Chattanooga Industry | In 1899, as Tennessee moved toward industrialization, a Coca Cola bottling plant was opened in Chattanooga. The plant made a popular product more accessible. |
| Barbed wire | This invention kept cattle from roaming into neighboring farmland. |
| Cheap Land | Pioneers were lured into traveling west after the Civil War by the promise of affordable farmland. |
| 16th Amendment | This amendment established the ability of Congress to levy an income tax. |
| 17th Amendment | This amendment provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators. Senators were previous elected by the legislatures of each state. This amendment gave the citizens more control of the government. |
| 18th Amendment | This amendment banned the manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages. |
| 19th Amendment | This amendment gave women the right to vote. |
| Franchisement | The right to vote. |
| Perfect 36 | Tennessee was the 36th state to ratify the 19th Amendment which made it into law. |
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Mrs. Horne's Class
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