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JAH-Immigration and
JAHKMLHS C14 Immigration and Urbanization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| poll tax | A monetary assessment levied on people rather than on property, often as a requirement for voting |
| Jim Crow laws | Acts passed by various states to create and enforce segregations |
| literacy test | an exam given to immigrants and Blacks to see if they could read English |
| Charles Guiteau | Assassinated President Garfield |
| Frank J. Sprague | electric trolley |
| Walter Raushenbusch | Father of the social concern movement in America; worked in Hell’s Kitchen |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | first law to complete ban an ethnic group from immigrating into the United States—passed in 1863 |
| Booker T. Washington | Founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama to teach African Americans practical skills for self-sufficiency |
| Washington Gladden | founding father of the Social Gospel movement |
| William L. Jenney | His development led to the possibility of building towering skeletons of steel |
| social gospel | Idea that faith should be expressed through good works often in curing the ills of the cities |
| Angel Island | immigration station in San Francisco Bay through which most Asian immigrants entered the United States |
| Populist Party | In 1892 this group was formed that wanted an income tax, bank regulation, government ownership of railroads, and unlimited coinage of silver |
| Frederick Law Olmsted | landscape architect who designed Central Park |
| Denis Kearney | leader of the Workingmen’s Party of California which opposed Chinese immigration |
| James A. Garfield | Ohio senator who won the Presidency in 1880 but was assassinated just 4 months into his term |
| William Marcy Tweed | one of the more famous bosses of the political machine in New York who came to power in 1863 |
| benevolent societies | organizations of city residents to aid immigrants |
| Jane Addams | She established in Chicago one of the first settlement houses in the nation |
| Lillian Wald | She established the settle Henry Street Settlement. |
| debt peonage | system in which workers were tied to their jobs until they paid off money they owed to their employer |
| Tammany Hall | The notorious political machine that ran New York City in the 1800s |
| Thomas Nast | The political cartoonist who lampooned the political machine and boss in New York City |
| Crédit Mobilier | This construction company was one of the major scandals of Grant’s administration |
| Whiskey Ring Scandal | this Grant scandal involve the diversion of excise tax money into private pockets and included the President’s private secretary Orville Babcock |
| American Protective Association | This group was antiforeign and anti-Catholic |
| Grover Cleveland | This President is the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | This Supreme Court decision ruled that “separate but equal” facilities did not violate the 14th Amendment |
| pogroms | violent actions taken by one ethnic group against another |