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US History II Sem I

Review for the Final

TermDefinition
Dawes Act a law in 1887 that Americanized native Americans
Wounded Knee 1890 military round up Native Americans, took their weapons. A battle follows and 300 Natives are killed
Homestead Act offering 160 acres of land free to any citizen or intended citizens who was head of household
Bessemer Process turning raw materials into steel - led to the growth of building / cities / industry
Transcontinental Railroad a rail road line linking the Atlantic and pacific
Imperialism Wealthier, bigger countries taking over smaller countries
Seward’s Folly The purchase of Alaska by Seward, many thought was foolish
Annex to join or take over
Yellow Journalism sensational writing which exaggerates stories to get readers
USS Maine ship blown up in Havana Bay that leads to Spanish American War
Spanish American War 1898 war in Cuba between US and Spanish
Theodore Roosevelt President 1901-1908 - Fought in Spanish - American War
Panama Canal Canal created to promote trade - USA controlled this for their profit
Dollar Diplomacy Taft's plan to invest in other countries to broker peace. If you spend $ in another country than you will have peaceful relations.
Ellis & Angel Islands Ellis = entry port for immigrants in NY Angel - entry port for immigrants in California
Melting Pot idea of USA joining all types of people, religions, languages, etc.
Nativism favoring native born people
Chinese Exclusion Act US Law that did not allow Chinese to come to US unless teacher or tourists - did not want Chinese
Tenements poor slums where many immigrants lived when in US
Social Gospel Movement Movement to help poor immigrants with housing, child care, etc. In exchange immigrants had to follow religious rules.
Gilded Age Time period "plated" in gold - everything seemed wealthy but was not
Political Machine politicians who sought the vote of immigrants by promising housing, jobs, food, etc.
Pendleton Civil Service Act Test to get a job - increased qualifications to get jobs
Progressivism movement to improve the lives of the poor by promoting changes in the workplace, politics, and living condidtions
Prohibition movement to end the sale, use, production of alcohol
Muckrakers Journalists who sought out the "muck" to expose to readers.
Suffrage right to vote
Pure Food and Drug Act 1906 Act to inform public what was in their food and drugs
Archduke Ferdinand Assassinated in 1914 - set off WWI
Allied Powers of WWI US, England, France
Central Powers Germany, Austria - Hungary
Lusitania Passenger boat sunk by the Germans, (allied civilians killed) set in motion US joining WWI
Zimmerman Telegram Secret note from Germany to Mexico seeking their help fighting the Americans, forced US to join WWI
Submarine Warfare German tactic used to attack Allies
Alliance System Nations joining together for mutual protection - led to WWI
Militarism building up of military supplies - led to WWI
Nationalism extreme loyalty to country - led to WWI
Sussex Pledge Pledge by Germans not to use their U-Boats to attack passenger ships. Germans broke this pledge.
Trench Warfare WWI soldiers living in the trenches
Stalemate in war - when neither side can advance
Selective Service Act Act to draft (force) young men into service.
Propaganda Printed materials that was aimed at getting support for WWI
Woodrow Wilson President during WWI - proposed League of Nations
League of Nations Wilson's proposal for a world organization to promote peace. US Congress would not join. Led to United Nations
Treaty of Versailles Post WWI Treaty that gave harsh treatment to Germany
Reparations $ forced of Germany to pay after WWI
War-Guilt Clause Guilt forced upon Germany after WWI
Flapper 1920s emancipated women who rejected the formalities of the previous generation
Consumer Society Society that bought a lot of goods / often on credit.
Speculator person who played the stock market in hopes of getting rich
Superficial Prosperity a false sense of wealth
Credit "buy now, pay late"
Herbert Hoover president 1928-1932, during stock market crash, did not believe the gov't should intervene
Franklin Delano Roosevelt president 1932-45 - during Great Depression - created New Deal - leader during most of WWII
The Great Depression Stock Market Crash + Dust Bowl
The New Deal FDRs approach to solving the economic crisis - numerous new deal programs put people to work
Eleanor Roosevelt FDR's wife - social reformer
Bonus Army WWI veterans who protested and wanted their pensions because they were so poor. Hoover gassed them
Hundred Days 1st 100 of FDR's presidency - this is when he began his new deal
Brain Trust FDR's closest advisers who helped create the New Deal
Deficit Spending spending money you do not have
Dust Bowl drought in mid-section of US
Black Tuesday Day of stock market crash
Totalitarianism absolute control by the gov't - denies most rights to citizens
Fascism stressed nationalism and placed the state above the individual
Nazism Fascism + racial purity
Appeasement giving a country their demands so they don't attack - practiced by France and England
Neutrality Act 1933 US law that says we are staying neutral
Lend-Lease Act 1941 US law that allowed the US to "lend" weapons to countries that we deemed vital to defense of the US
Non-Aggression Pact Aug 1939 pact between Germany and Russia in which Russia promised allow Germany to invade Poland while they built up their military
Axis Powers Germany - Italy - Japan
Allied Powers US - England - France - Russia
Harry Truman 1945-52 President during end of WWII - drops bombs on Japan
Winston Churchill Allied leader of England during WWII - Battles Germany - needs allied Help
Joseph Stalin Leader of Russia during WWII - part of Axis and Allied powers
Adolf Hitler German Fascist leader during WWII - Axis powers
Benito Mussolini Italian leader during WWII - Axis powers
Hideji Tojo Japanese leader during WWII - Axis powers
Pearl Harbor Attacked by Japanese Dec. 1941 - got US into WWII
Stalingrad sept 42-Jan 43 / Germans vs. Soviets - long battles
Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944 - allied advances (bulges through) German lines in France
D-Day June 1944 - 2 million allied troops land in France - Get troops on the ground 300,000 Germans die and 1.1 million Soviets die
Blitzkrieg German military strategy of "lightening war" - Quick, surprise attacks
Holocaust systematic murder of 11million people in Europe
Kristallnacht Nov 9-10 1938, "night of broken glass" - attacks on Jewish businesses
Concentration Camps Work / death camps for those whom Hitler put to death
Midway June 1942 - Allied victory stopped Japanese from getting too close to US
Okinawa G.I. Bill April 1945-June 1945 - Last step before Japan. Allied victory
Iwo Jima Nov 1944 - March 1945 - Island hopping is getting us closer to Japan. Allied Victory
Kamikaze Japanese fighter pilots who conducted suicide missions.
Nagasaki Second city bombed in 1945 after Hiroshima. Led to Japanese surrender.
V-E Day May 8th, 1945 Victory in Europe Day
V-J Day Sept. 1945 Victory in Japan Day
Internment Rounding up of Japanese Americans because of their possible threat to American security. Put into camps in Middle of US.
G. I. Bill Post WWII bill that gave soldiers $ for school, housing $, in efforts to thank them for their service.
Hiroshima First Japanese city bombed in 1945. First use of atomic weapons. Japan did not surrender then Nagasaki is bombed.
Created by: eprobst
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