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social studies vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| federal system | system that divided power between states and federal government |
| impeach | vote to bring charges of serious crimes against, a president |
| veto | to cancel |
| pardons | freedom from punishment |
| majority rule | greatest number of people in society make decisions for everyone |
| petition | make a request of government |
| indict | formally accuse |
| due process | law must be fairly applied |
| draft | required military service |
| privateers | private ships hired by companies to attack its enemies |
| political parties | groups that help elect people and share policies |
| judicial review | power to declare an act of congress unconstitutional |
| impressment | forcing people to serve in army or navy |
| embargo | banning of trade |
| nationalism | feelings of pride or loyalty to a nation |
| sectionalism | arguments between different regions |
| textile | cloth items |
| technology | tools used to produce items or do work |
| interchangeable parts | parts of a machine that are identical |
| mass production | efficient production of large numbers of identical goods. |
| trade union | groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions |
| strikes | refusing to work until employers met their demands |
| telegraph | device that could send information over wires across great distances |
| cotton gin | machines that remove remove seeds from short-staple cotton |
| planters | large scale farmers who held more than 20 slaves |
| cotton belt | area of high cotton production |
| factors | crop brokers |
| yeoman | owners of small farms |
| folktales | stories with a moral |
| spirituals | emotional Christian songs that blended African and European music |
| nativists | Americans and others who opposed immigration |
| middle class | social and economic level between wealthy and poor |
| tenements | poorly designed apartment buildings that housed large numbers of people |
| utopia | perfect society |
| temperance movement | urge people to use self-discipline to stop drinking alcohol |
| abolition | complete end to slavery |
| sectionalism | favoring interests in one region over the interests of the entire country |
| secede | formally withdraw |
| popular sovereignty | political power belongs to the people |
| emancipation | freeing of slaves |
| contrabands | escaped slaves |
| habeas corpus | constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment |
| total war | destroying civilian and economic resources |
| segregation | forced separation between whites and African Americans in public places |
| sharecropping | landowners provide tools, land, supplies... sharecroppers provide labor |
| frontier | an undeveloped area |
| boomtowns | communities that grew suddenly when a mine opened |
| cattle drive | long journeys where cowboys herded cattle to market or the plains |
| reservations | areas of land set aside for native Americans |
| dry farming | shifted focus of water crops to hardly crops |
| deflation | a decrease in money supply and overall lower prices |
| patents | exclusive rights to make or sell an invention |
| corporations | businesses that sell portions of ownership called stock |
| vertical integrations | ownership or a business involved in each step of a manufacturing process |
| trust | a legal arrangement grouping together a number of companies under a single board of directors |
| social Darwinism | view of society based on Charles Darwin theory-strong survive |
| monopoly | total ownership of a product or service |
| collective bargaining | all workers acting together |
| old immigrants | immigrants from northern Europe |
| new immigrants | immigrants from southern and eastern Europe |
| steerage | area below a ships deck where steering mechanisms were located |
| benevolent societies | aid organization offered immigrants help in cases of sickness, unemployment or death |
| sweatshops | work places where there is long, hot work, poor conditions |
| mass transit | public transportation designed to move many people |
| suburbs | residential areas outside of downtown areas |
| mass culture | leisure and cultural activities shared by many people |
| department store | giant retail shops |
| settlement houses | neighborhood centers in poor areas that offer education, recreation, and social activities. |
Created by:
chloe murphy
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