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Unit One
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| government | the institution through which a society makes an enforces its public policies |
| public policy | all of the many goals that a government pursues in all of the many areas of human affairs in which it is involved |
| direct democracy | will of people translates into public policy |
| majority rule | in a democracy, the majority of the people will be right more often than they will be wrong, and will be right more often that will any one person or small group |
| democracy | form of government in which the supreme authority rests with the people |
| dictatorship | a form of government in which the leader has absolute power and authority |
| federal government | a form of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central, or national, government and several regional governments |
| minority rights | |
| representative government | system of government in which public policies are made by officials selected by the voters and held accountable in periodic elections |
| unitary government | a centralized government in which all government powers belong to a single, central agency |
| confederation | a joining of several groups for a common puspose |
| initiative | a process in which a certain number of qualified voters sign petitions in favor of a proposed statute or constitutional amendment, which then goes directly to the ballot |
| presidential government | a form of government in which the executive and legislative branches of the government are separate, independent, and coequal |
| parliamentary government | a form of government in which the executive branch is made up of the prime minister, or premier, and that official's cabinet |
| republic | |
| referendum | a process by which a legislative measure is referred to the State's voters for final approval or rejection |
| articles of confederation | plan of government adopted by, the Continental Congress after the American Revolution; established "a firm league of friendship" among the States, but allowed few important powers to the central government |
| confederal government | |
| jurisdiction | the authority of a court to hear a case |
| Shay's rebellion | |
| consitution | the body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and processes of a government |
| framers | group of delegates who drafted the United States Constitution at the Philadelphia convention in 1787 |
| Virginia Plan | called for a three-branch government with a bicameral legislature in which each State's membership would be determined by its population or its financial support for the central government |
| New Jersey Plan | called for a unicameral legislature in which each State would be equally represented |
| James Madison | |
| George Washington | |
| Roger Sherman | |
| Connecticut/Great Compromise | agreement during the Constitutional Convention that Congress should be composed of a Senate, in which States would be represented equally, and a House, in which States would be represented based on population |
| Slave Trade Compromise | |
| 3/5th Compromise | an agreement at the Constitutional Convention to count a slave as three-fifths of a person when determining a State's population |
| unicameral | an adjective describing a legislative body with one chamber |
| bicameral | an adjective describing a legislative body composed of two chambers |
| ratification | formal approval, final consent to the effectiveness of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty |
| federalist | those persons who supported the ratification of the Constitution in 1787-1788 |
| anti-federalist | those persons opposed the ratification of the Constitution in 1787-1788 |
| referendum | a process by which a legislative measure is referred to the State's voters for final approval or rejection |
| inauguration | |
| quorum | least number of members who must be present for a legislative body to conduct business; majority |
| federalism | a system of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central, or national, government and several regional government |
| division of powers | basic principle of federalism; the constitutional provisions by which governmental powers are divided on a geographic basis (in US between National Government and the States) |
| Bill of Attainder | a legislative act that inflicts punishment without a court trial |
| concurrent power | the power that both the National Government and the States possess and exercise |
| Loving vs. Va | |
| cooperative federalism | |
| interstate compacts | formal agreement entered into with the consent of Congress, between or among States, or between a State and a foreign state |
| extradition | the legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one State is returned to that State |
| delegated power | the power, expressed, implied, or inherent, granted to the National Government by the Constitution |
| necessary and proper clause | constitutional clause that gives Congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper" for executing its powers |
| Ex Post Facto Clause | |
| Supremacy Clause | a provision of the U.S. Constitution that states that the Constitution, federal law, and treaties of the United States are the "supreme Law of the Land" |
| Fletcher vs. Peck | |
| categorical grant | one type of federal grants-in-aid; made for some specific, closely defined, purpose |
| full faith and credit clause | the second part of the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom, which guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever her or she choose to believe in matters of religion |
| Defense of Marriage Act | |
| enumerated power | |
| inherent power | power the Constitution is presumed to have delegated to the National Government because it is the government of a sovereign state within the world community |
| reserved power | the power that the Constitution does not grant to the National Government and does not deny to the States |
| McCulloch vs. MD | |
| insurrection | |
| block grant | one type of federal grants-in-aid for some particular but broadly defied area of public policy |
| privilages and immunities clause | constitution's stipulation that all citizens are entitled to certain "privileges and immunities" regardless of their State residence; no State can draw unreasonable distinctions between its own residents and those persons who live in other States |
| implied power | the delegated power of the National Government that are suggested by the expressed powers set out in the Constitution; those "necessary and proper" to carry out the expressed power |
| Habeas Corpus Act | you must be told why you're being arrested |
| exclusive power | the power that can be exercised by the National Government alone |
| Gibbons vs. Ogden | |
| grants-in-aid program | grants of federal money or other resources to States, cities, counties, and other local units |
| project grant | one type of federal grants-in-aid; made for specific projects to States, localities, and private agencies who apply for them |
| bigamy |
Created by:
mkpoliz
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