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7-3.4--7-3.7 Review
Quick Overview of 7-3.4--7-3.7 (does NOT include all terms)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agricultural Revolution | sweeping changes in farming techniques which led to more food being grown by fewer people |
| Industrial Revolution | the movement in the late 1700s and early 1800s from an agricultural (farming) to an industrial economy based on production of factories and machine labor |
| Flying Shuttle | advanced textile production by doubling the amount of weaving a worker could do in one day |
| Spinning Jenny | allowed one spinner to spin eight threads at a time |
| Water Frame | used water to power spinning machines |
| Spinning Mule | a combination of the spinning jenny and the water, it produced a stronger product than its predecessors |
| Cotton gin | a tool used to efficiently remove the seeds from cotton, significantly increased cotton production following its invention in 1793 |
| James Watt | invented the steam engine, which replaced water power with steam power, in 1769 |
| Imperialism | when a country takes over another country or people to gain access to its (their) natural resources and trade |
| Opium Wars | two wars fought in the mid-1800s between the British and the Chinese when the Chinese government wanted Britain to stop selling opium, a horrible drug, to its people |
| Zulu Wars | Imperial competition for land in South Africa by industrial nations against nationalism. The Dutch, British, and African people all sought the land & resources of the country; Zulus lost to the British in the 1880s, becoming part of the British Empire |
| Berlin Conference of 1884 | meeting of 14 European nations in Berlin in 1884-1885 which set the rules for the division of Africa with no African representation present, and with little regard to ethnic or linguistic boundaries, causing problems in Africa which last even to this day |
| Industrialization | the process of moving from an agricultural (farming) to an industrial economy based on production of factories and machine labor |
| Open Door Policy | U.S. 1899 policy stating that China should be open to trade with all nations rather than just one or a few nations having control of the country |
| Social Darwinism | the belief that people of Western European origin, who were superior, or the “fittest” people, should prosper and survive, “justified” imperial conquests |
| Rudyard Kipling’s "The White Man’s Burden" | a poem that became an anthem for imperialism, stating it was the duty of the Western powers to take their superior culture to the lesser nations, despite the resistance they might encounter |
| "Jewel in the Crown" | what India became known as because it was the most important and most profitable colony in the British Empire |
| Commodore Matthew Perry | U.S. Navy officer whose fleet forced Japan to open itself to trade with the United States in 1853 |
| Simón Bolívar | creole general who led the independence movements throughout South America (he is known as “the Liberator” and “the George Washington of South America” |
| Meiji Restoration | when the Japanese, beginning in 1868, quickly built up their industry and military so that Western nations could not take them over |
| Boxer Rebellion | when the Chinese, using martial arts, fought against imperial powers in China in 1900 in a failed attempt to rid China of foreign influence and Christianity |
| Sepoy Rebellion | an unsuccessful Hindu and Muslim revolt against British rule in India in 1857; it marked the first Indian effort to achieve independence from Great Britain |
| Shaka Zulu | created a centralized Zulu Kingdom in South Africa and led his people in a war against the Dutch Boers / Afrikaners in the early 1800s to keep them from taking his lands |
| Mughal (Mogul) Empire | the Empire set up by Indians; it ruled India for several hundred years before the British took over |
| Spanish-American War | the 1898 war between the U.S. and Spain, at first over Cuba, after which the U.S. became a world power |
| Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine | American policy which said that the United States as an international police power in the Western Hemisphere was justified to intervene in Latin America |
| Jose Marti | in 1895, he launched the second attempt for Cuban independence |
| "Yellow Journalism" | when newspapers wrote sensational stories and encouraged war in order to sell more newspapers before the Spanish-American War |
| Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico | territories the U.S. gained as a result of the Spanish-American War |
| Great White Fleet | Squadron of American battleships that President Teddy Roosevelt sent around the world to show off American power |
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