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7-3.1--7-3.3 Review
Quick Overview of 7-3.1--7-3.3 (does NOT include all terms)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| French Revolution | the 1789-1799 revolution which overthrew France’s absolute monarchy, replacing it with a republic; It was inspired by both Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution; it, in turn, served as a model for the formation of future limited governments |
| The Directory | the more moderate French government which was in power from 1795 to 1799 during the French Revolution |
| Reign of Terror | When Maximilien Robespierre, as head of the Committee of Public Safety, ordered the mass execution by guillotine of 25,000-40,000 suspected counter-revolutionary citizens deemed “enemies of the Revolution” in 1793-1794 |
| Estates-General | the French legislative body just before the French Revolution |
| Old Regime | the system in France before the Revolution wherein the Bourbon kings ruled with absolute power and the mass of people (the Third Estate) were poor and had few rights |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | French general who seized power during the latter part of the French Revolution, and who tried to conquer Europe during the Wars of Napoleon from 1803-1815 |
| Maximilien Robespierre | leader of the Committee of Public Safety, he ruled as a dictator during the Reign of Terror |
| National Convention | the legislature in France from 1792 to 1795 during the French Revolution; it declared France to be a republic, executed King Louis XVI, and was in charge during the Reign of Terror |
| Storming of the Bastille | when the French people attacked a hated prison in Paris on July 14, 1789; this marks the start of the French Revolution |
| Napoleon's Rise to Power | When Napoleon Bonaparte, a French general, staged a coup d'état and took the title of First Consul in 1799, later crowning himself emperor in 1804 officially ending the French Revolution |
| First Estate | Under the Old Regime in France, this was the Roman Catholic Clergy, who owned fifteen percent of the land and were one percent of the population. (Roman Catholic Clergy: the priests and other leaders of the Catholic church) |
| Second Estate | Under the Old Regime in France, this was the nobility, who made up two percent of the population and who owned up to twenty-five percent of the land |
| Third Estate | Under the Old Regime in France, this included lawyers, craftsmen, merchants, and peasants who paid the majority of the taxes while being underrepresented in government |
| Napoleonic Wars | Wars fought under Napoleon as he eventually unsuccessfully tried to conquer much of the rest of Europe from 1803-1815. They spread nationalism, Enlightenment ideas, further revolutions, and changes in governments across Europe. |
| Seven Weeks War | when Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck tricked Austria into a war in 1866, and defeated Austria, as part of the effort to unify Germany |
| Congress of Vienna | 1815 meeting of the Great Powers after Napoleon's final defeat. It reestablished the balance of power in Europe, returned lands to those countries which had lost them to Napoleon, & put back into power absolute monarchs in countries Napoleon had defeated |
| Revolutionary Movements of 1830 | 1830 revolutions in France, Belgium, Italy, and Poland (then part of Russia) which sought more freedoms or independence for their people; they failed |
| Revolutionary Movements of 1848 | 1848 revolutions in France, the Netherlands, Poland, Italy, Austria, and what became Germany. They tended to seek reforms and more rights for the people, but were largely unsuccessful |
| Unification of Germany | spurred by nationalism resulting from the Napoleonic Wars, Germany, under the leadership of Otto von Bismarck, fought three wars with neighboring countries and became a unified nation in 1871 |
| Unification of Italy | spurred by nationalism resulting from the Napoleonic Wars, Italy, under the leadership of Count Camilo di Cavour, Giuseppi Garibaldi, and King Victor Emmanuel II, fought a series of wars and became a unified nation in 1871 |
| Count Camilo di Cavour | led the unification of the Northern Italian states during the drive for Italian unification |
| Otto von Bismarck | the Prime Minister of Prussia, practiced Realpolitik and led the movement to unify the German states into a strong, powerful nation in 1871 |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi | led the Red Shirts in southern Italy during the drive for Italian unification |
| King Victor Emmanuel II | initially the King of Sardinia, he played a key role in Italian unification, and became the first King of Italy upon Italian unification |
| Haitian Revolution | when slaves in Saint-Domingue successfully revolted against their French colonial masters from 1791-1804, forming the nation of Haiti |
| Agustin de Iturbide | appointed emperor of Mexico when it achieved independence |
| Simón Bolívar | a creole general, led the independence movements throughout South America (he is known as “the Liberator” and “the George Washington of South America” |
| Nationalism | the desire for a people to have self-rule; the belief that one’s country is better than others |
| South American Revolutions | a series of successful independence movements in the early 1800s by Spanish colonies in South America |
| Enlightenment Ideas | ideas from the Enlightenment concerning natural rights, the social contract, and limited government |
| Mexican Revolution | series of conflicts fought between Spain and its colony of New Spain from 1808-1821 which resulted in Mexican independence |
| Toussaint L’Ouverture | leader of the Haitian Revolution |
| Padre Miguel y Castillo Hidalgo (Father Miguel Hidalgo) | an early leader of the Mexican Revolution, he was inspired by Enlightenment ideals |
Created by:
oburnette
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