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7-2.4--7-2.5 Review
Quick Overview of 7-2.4--7-2.5 (does NOT include all terms)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| English Civil War | War in England between the Parliament, and the monarch, King Charles I, from 1642-1651; Parliament won; it challenged absolute monarchs and foreshadowed John Locke’s idea that a government or ruler’s abuse of power should lead to his overthrow |
| James II | fourth Stuart King and brother of Charles II who ruled England from 1685-1688; he tried to rule with absolute power and restore Catholicism to England, but was overthrown during the Glorious Revolution |
| Charles I | second Stuart King of England who ruled England from 1625-1649; his belief in absolute power and the divine right of kings led to the English Civil War; after the war he was beheaded |
| Glorious Revolution | When, in 1689, the English Parliament invited William and Mary to overthrow King James II because he wanted to rule as an absolute monarch and make England Catholic again. It was “glorious” because James II ran away to France and there was no bloodshed |
| Limited Government | a government whose power and authority is limited, typically by the people; the people keep their rights |
| Unlimited Government | a government whose power and authority have few or no limits (it can do whatever it wants); the people have few rights and must obey the government |
| Oliver Cromwell | led the forces of Parliament (the New Model Army) during the English Civil War; won the war and became Lord Protector of England from 1653-1658 |
| William and Mary | took power in England during the Glorious Revolution, signed the English Bill of Rights, and agreed to limits on their power |
| Ship Tax | a tax that King Charles I levied without the consent (approval) of Parliament; this tax helped cause the English Civil War |
| Eleven Years Tyranny | when King Charles I ruled England for eleven years (1629-1640) without allowing Parliament to meet; this antagonized (made angry) members of Parliament |
| American Revolution | War fought between British North American colonists & Great Britain from 1776-1783 which led to American independence; it was inspired by Enlightenment ideas and led to the formation of a limited government which inspired other, future limited governments |
| French Revolution | the 1789-1799 revolution which overthrew France’s absolute monarchy, replacing it with a republic; It was inspired by both Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution; it, in turn, served as a model for the formation of future limited governments |
| Thomas Jefferson | primary author of the United States’ Declaration of Independence, in which he used John Locke’s ideas to justify American independence, especially the idea that citizens had a right to alter or abolish their government if it violated their rights |
| Benjamin Franklin | American diplomat whose ideas influenced the French intellectual class and hence the coming of the French Revolution |
| The Enlightenment | the period beginning in the late 1600s and throughout the 1700s when many Europeans began to place their faith in reason, or the use of scientific and logical thinking, to draw conclusions about society and the world |
| Social Contract | an agreement between the people and their rulers concerning what powers the government should have and what rights the people kept |
| Constitution | the “law” which establishes the structure and operation of government and details the relationship of the people to their government, and provide the government legitimacy (having a lawful or accepted basis or right to act) in ruling |
| John Locke | English Enlightenment political philosopher who believed in natural rights, the social contract, that people had the right to abolish and replace an unjust government, and influenced Thomas Jefferson’s writing of the Declaration of Independence |
| Voltaire | also known as Francois-Marie Arouet, the French Enlightenment political philosopher who focused on civil liberties, mainly freedom of speech and freedom of religion (to include separation of church and state) |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | French Enlightenment political philosopher who believed government’s role was to protect the “general will” of the people; his ideas helped form the foundation for the idea of popular sovereignty |
| Baron de Montesquieu | French Enlightenment political philosopher who promoted the ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances; his writings greatly influenced the structure of the U.S. Constitution |
| Judicial | branch of government which interprets the laws and tries accused criminals |
| Executive | branch of government which carries out the laws |
| Legislative | branch of government which writes the laws |
Created by:
oburnette
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