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7-2.1--7-2.3 Review
Quick Overview of 7-2.1--7-2.3 (does NOT include all terms)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Magna Carta | a charter or contract which King John signed in 1215; it limited the power of the King, made him respect the rights of the people, and said the King was not above the law |
| Limited Government | a government whose power and authority is limited, typically by the people; the people keep their rights |
| Unlimited Government | a government whose power and authority have few or no limits (it can do whatever it wants); the people have few rights and must obey the government |
| Bill of Rights | a list of the rights or privileges the people have and which the government must respect |
| Scientific Revolution | the period from about 1550 to 1700 when European thinkers began to gather knowledge based on observation, experiments, and mathematics, triggering a revolution, or sweeping change, in science |
| Galileo | scientist who used the telescope to support his heliocentric theory, the idea that the sun was at the center of the solar system. The Catholic Church arrested him because it thought the Earth was at the center of the solar system |
| Sir Isaac Newton | perhaps the greatest scientist who ever lived, he developed the law of gravity and the laws of motion, both key to modern physics; developed calculus, the key to advanced mathematics; and began the study of the properties of light |
| The Enlightenment | the period beginning in the late 1600s and throughout the 1700s when many Europeans began to place their faith in reason, or the use of scientific and logical thinking, to draw conclusions about society and the world |
| Absolutism | when the government has absolute or unlimited power over the people |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | French Enlightenment political philosopher who believed government’s role was to protect the “general will” of the people; his ideas helped form the foundation for the idea of popular sovereignty |
| John Locke | English Enlightenment political philosopher who believed in natural rights, the social contract, that people had the right to abolish and replace an unjust government, and influenced Thomas Jefferson’s writing of the Declaration of Independence |
| Voltaire | also known as Francois-Marie Arouet, the French Enlightenment political philosopher who focused on civil liberties, mainly freedom of speech and freedom of religion (to include separation of church and state) |
| Baron de Montesquieu | French Enlightenment political philosopher who promoted the ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances; his writings greatly influenced the structure of the U.S. Constitution |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | French Enlightenment political philosopher who believed government’s role was to protect the “general will” of the people; his ideas helped form the foundation for the idea of popular sovereignty |
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oburnette
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