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7-6.1 Burnette
The impact of the Collapse/Dissolution of the Soviet Union
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Collapse/Dissolution of the Soviet Union | December, 1991 – all fifteen Soviet republics declared independence, leading to the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War; partly due to economic causes (Cold War expenses) and citizens’ desires for more rights |
| dissolutioni | breaking up, breaking apart |
| European Union (E.U.) | an economic and political union of 27 member states located in Europe and formed in 1993 |
| intensify | to become stronger and faster |
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics s (U.S.S.R.) | official title of the Soviet Union |
| Boris Yeltsin | first President of Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union; his “shock therapy” changed the Russian economy from communist to more free market or capitalist, leading to an economic crisis (hard times) in Russia |
| Russian Federation | the official name of Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | last leader of the Soviet Union before it collapsed; put in place reforms that some say led to this collapse |
| Soviet Union | Communist country formed in 1922 after the Russian Revolution; Russia was its largest state; also known as U.S.S.R.; broke up in 1991 |
| Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S.) | a loose federation of former Soviet states. Its formation marked the official end of the Soviet Union |
| December 25, 1991 | the day the Soviet Union collapsed and the Cold War ended |
| "Shock Therapy" | Russian President Yeltsin’s abrupt shift of the Russian economy from communist to free market; it caused economic hardship while the change was happening |
| Inflation rates | the rate at which prices go up each year; high inflation rates can hurt people if their pay does not increase as fast as inflation |
| Chechnya | a territory in Russia near the Caucasus Mountains where rebels have unsuccessfully fought two wars for independence since 1994; Russia crushed independence efforts |
| cease-fire | when two sides in a war agree to stop shooting at each other |
| Vladimir Putin | Russian leader, either Prime Minister or President, from 1999 until today (2014); aggressively pursued nationalist policies; believes more in “strong man” leadership and less in Western style democracy |
| Communism | a type of unlimited government which controls the people and the economy; and owns all land, factories, and natural resources |
| Czech Republic and Slovakia | the two nations formed after the peaceful breakup of Czechoslovakia during the “Velvet Revolution” in 1993 |
| Federation | a country made up of smaller parts which retain control of their internal affairs |
| suppressed | stopped, prevented, or done away with |
| compatibility | the ability to get along with each other or to exist together |
| Democratic | where people have more freedom because they have a type of government in which the people vote for who will represent them |
| Yugoslavia | large Balkan country on the Adriatic Sea formed in 1918; broke up in 1992 |
| federal system | a country made up of smaller parts which retain control of their internal affairs |
| Marshall Tito | strong man President of Yugoslavia from 1953-1980 |
| political factions | political parties; groups with common political goals |
| prosperity | being relatively economically successful or wealthy; having enough or more than enough money |
| Communist Revolutions of 1989 | revolts against communist rule in Poland, Hungary, and East Germany in 1989; helped lead to the collapse of the Soviet Union |
| ethnic lines | groups that share the same culture, religion, and/or language; people who think they are like each other and belong with each other |
| Slovenia | small Balkan country that split off from Yugoslavia in 1990 |
| Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Macedonia | small Balkan countries that split off from Yugoslavia in the early 1990s |
| Serbia and Montenegro | small Balkan countries |
| "Ethnic cleansing" | getting rid of people who are thought to be somehow “different” by forcing them to leave the country or by killing them |
| atrocities | doing something that is extremely or shockingly wicked, cruel, or brutal |
| Militias | people who are part-time soldiers who are called up only when needed |
| Slobodan Milosevic | President of Serbia 1989-1997; President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1997-2000; arrested in 2001 and tried for war crimes; died in prison in 2006 |
| Kosovo | territory which fought for its independence from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1998-1999; NATO bombed Serbia to get it to pull its troops out of Kosovo |
| East Germany | the unfree, communist country formed from the Soviet controlled part of Germany after WWII |
| Berlin Wall | wall put up by the communist Soviet Union around Berlin in 1961 to keep East Germans from escaping to democratic West Berlin; its fall in 1989 led to German reunification |
| division | the differences between two societies, systems, or peoples |
| reunfiication | when the different parts of a country that were split apart get back together again and form a single country |
| European Economic Community (E.E.C.) | European group of nations formed in 1957; it sought closer trade relations among its members; became part of the European Union in 2009 |
| "Single market" | an area where trade is easier between countries because there are no tariffs (taxes on imports) |
| Euro | the official currency of countries which are members of the European Union; adopted in 1999, replaced the currencies of individual countries |
| foreign policy | plans or strategies a country makes or uses with regard to other countries in order to advance or protect its own well-being |
| inception | beginning or start |
| North American Free Trade Association (N.A.F.T.A.) | a free trade zone created in 1994 from Canada, the United States, and Mexico |
| global interdependence | when the success of countries’ economies depends on an exchange (trade) of goods and services between countries |
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