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7-4.6 Burnette
The Holocaust
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| the Holocaust | the systematic mass murder or genocide of six million Jews and about 5 million other “undesirable” peoples before and during World War II, by Nazi Germany, led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party |
| Nuremberg Trials | an international tribunal which prosecuted former Nazi leaders for “crimes against humanity” in 1945-1946 |
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | a 1948 document adopted by the United Nations; it said what rights all people should have |
| Nationalism | the desire of people for self-rule; the feeling that one’s own country is best |
| Israel | a country founded in the British Mandate of Palestine in 1948 in order to give the Jewish people, and especially survivors of the Holocaust, a homeland |
| systematic | well thought or highly organized |
| persecution | repeatedly bothering or hurting someone because they are “different” |
| anti-Semitism | hating, discriminating or being prejudiced against Jewish people |
| ideology | a system of social or political beliefs |
| Hebrew | people descended from Israelites; Jewish people |
| scapegoat | a person or a group of people falsely blamed for others’ mistakes or problems |
| mainstream | largest or most widely accepted part |
| prejudice | hating or being racist or hostile toward a group of people for no reason |
| stereotypically | thinking that members of a certain group are all the same in some way |
| intellectual | being smarter or better educated than others |
| irrational | illogical, not based on facts, or not very smart |
| "master race" | a people who were supposed to be better than others and whom others should obey |
| "Aryan" | this actually means an Indo-European person; the Nazis thought it meant a white person, non-Jewish person from Northern Europe |
| Gypsies | Romani people who moved from place to place in Central and Eastern Europe |
| deficient | very far below average or what was thought necessary |
| Nuremberg Laws | Nazi, anti-Semitic laws designed to take away the rights of Jewish people |
| Jews | Hebrew people who believe in the Old Testament; Jewish religious beliefs differ from Christian beliefs because they do not accept the Jesus was holy or the son of God |
| Star of David | the six pointed star which is the symbol of Judaism, or being Jewish; the symbol of Israel today |
| Kristallnacht, or "Night of Broken Glass" | On November 9, 1938 Nazi troops attacked Jewish businesses, synagogues and homes and killed approximately one hundred Jews |
| Synagogue | Jewish places of religious worship (churches) |
| Ghettos | small parts of cities where Jews were made to live |
| "Final Solution" | Hitler’s genocidal plan to destroy all Jewish people |
| Concentration Camps | Nazi prison camps where Jews would be killed or worked to death |
| en route | on the way |
| crematorium | Nazi building where dead Jews would be burned so their bodies would be easier to get rid of |
| SS | Schustzstaffel, ultra-Nazi paramilitary unit that protected Hitler, carried out the Holocaust, and formed special military units |
| Genocide | the deliberate, methodical killing of an entire group or race of people |
| indefensible | an act that cannot be correct, legal, or allowable under any conditions |
| Zionist movement | the move to create a Jewish homeland in Israel in the Middle East |
| Palestine | the traditional homeland in the Middle East of both the Jewish people and the Palestinians |
| nation-state | an independent country with its own laws and military forces |
| Balfour Declaration | 1917 declaration which said the British government supported a Jewish homeland in Israel |
| Palestinians | Arab peoples living in Palestine, the same place the Jews wanted for their homeland |
| British mandate | area in the Middle East which came under British control after the fall of the Ottoman Empire at the end of WWI |
| atrocities | wicked, terrible crimes so horrible that they were almost unbelievable |
| United Nations | international peace-keeping organization formed at the end of World War II |
| The Diaspora | when the Jewish people were kicked out of their homelands beginning in the 6th century B.C., lasting until the formation of the state of Israel in 1948 |
| inhabited | a place where people live |
| Gaza Strip | small strip of land between Egypt and Israel where Palestinians lived |
| West Bank | area just east of Israel where mostly Palestinian people live |
| Suez Crisis of 1956 | when Britain, France, and Israel tried to take back the Suez Canal after Egypt took it, but the U.S. stopped them |
| President Gamal Nasser | nationalistic President of Egypt who took the Suez Canal from Great Britain |
| Suez Canal | canal through Egypt which linked the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean; very important to Great Britain |
| Aswan Dam | very important dam built in Egypt to control flooding on the Nile River and to generate electricity |
| Palestinian Liberation Organization (P.L.O.) | organization which carried out terrorist attacks against the people of Israel to try to secure the West Bank as a Palestinian state |
| Yasir Arafat | long-time leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (P.L.O.) |
| Guerilla | military groups which do not wear uniforms or follow the normal laws of warfare; they fight regular armies to achieve a political goal |
| Six-Day War | In 1967, Nasser and other Arab leaders prepared for war against Israel. Israel, however, made the first move and attacked Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, winning the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, Golan Heights, and Jerusalem |
| Yom Kippur War | occurred in 1973 when the Arabs attacked Israel |
| cease-fire | an agreement to stop fighting |
| Camp David Accords | was signed by Egypt and Israel in 1979. Egypt recognized Israel as a country and received the Sinai Peninsula from Israel |
| Sinai Peninsula | triangular peninsula between Egypt and Israel |
| Muslim radicals | people who follow the Islamic religion and who are willing to use extreme actions to accomplish their goals |
| Anwar Sadat | Egyptian President who signed the Camp David Accords and was killed by Muslim radicals |
| intifada | an uprising by Palestinians against Israel |
| Oslo Peace Accords | Israel agreed to give the Palestinians self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, starting with Jericho |
| Yitzhak Rabin | Israeli Prime Minister who was assassinated by a Jewish extremist after the Oslo Peace Accords |
| Amnesty International | a large, non-governmental organization focused on protecting human rights |
| mediating | settling differences between two groups or nations |
| sovereign nation | independent nation or country |
| Human Rights | the basic rights, protected by international law, that every person should have |
Created by:
oburnette
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