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US His Final Dangel
US His Final Sem 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cartel | Associations of producers that coordinate prices and production |
| Suffrage | The right to vote |
| Pendleton Act | Created a civil service system for the federal government in an attempt to hire employees on a merit system rather than on a spoils system |
| Wyoming | |
| Henry Bessemer | Developed an inexpensive way to change iron ore into steel |
| Spoils System | Practice in which the political party winning an election rewards its campaign workers and other active supporters by appointment to government posts and by other favours |
| Vertical Consolidation | Several steps in the production and/or distribution of a product or service are controlled by a single company or entity, in order to increase that company’s power in the marketplace |
| Angel Island | Port of entry in San Francisco Bay, California where immigrants enter the US from Asia |
| Monopoly | Complete control over an industry by one person or company |
| Guilded Age | Nickname given to the late nineteenth century implying that under the glittery gilded surface of prosperity lurked troubling issues, including poverty, unemployment, and corruption |
| Trust | Combination of corporations or firms bound by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition |
| Jim Crow | Laws passed in the southern states that separated blacks and whites |
| John D. Rockefeller | Formed the Standard Oil Company - used Horizontal Consolidation |
| Andrew Carnegie | Steel king - used Vertical Consolidation |
| JP Morgan | American financier, banker, philanthropist and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation, created Federal Steel Company, and merged it in 1901 with the Carnegie Steel Company and several other steel and iron businesses |
| Ellis Island | Island in New York Harbor that served as an immigration station for millions of immigrants arriving to the US |
| Promontory Point Utah | Where the final spike was driven to join the transcontinental railroad coming from the east to the transcontinental railroad coming from the west |
| Horizontal Consolidation | A strategy to increase your market share by taking over a similar company |
| Meat Inspection Act | Law that allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants |
| Federal Reserve Act | Placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board, which runs regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, sets interest rates and supervises commercial banks |
| National Reclamation Act | Gave the federal government the power todecide where and how water would be distributed through the building and management of dams and irrigation projects |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | Allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and mislabeling of food and drugs |
| W.E.B. DeBoise | Urged African Americans to demand immediately all the rights guaranteed by the Constitution |
| Recall | Process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end |
| 17th Amendment | Changed the was Senators were chose. Senators are now elected by the population of each state |
| Progressivism | Movement that emerged in response to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization that promoted reforms to bring about social justice |
| Direct Primary | Election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections |
| 19th Amendment | Gave women the right to vote |
| Jacob Riis | Muckraker photographer for the "New York Evening Sun"between 1890 and 1903 he published several works, including "How the Other Half Lives" that shocked the nation and lead to reforms |
| Upton Sinclair | Wrote "The Jungle" exposing the horrors of the meat packing industry |
| Jane Adams | Opened Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago that provided community services to the urban poor |
| Initiative | Process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot |
| 18th Amendment | Prohibition |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
| 16th Amendment | Income Tax, at 16 years of age a person who is employed must pay income tax on monies they earn |
| Referendum | Process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature |
| Booker T. Washington | Believed that African Americans had to achieve economic independence by working hard and wait patiently gradually winning White Americans respect and the same rights as White Americans |
| Moral Diplomacy | Woodrow Wilson's statement that the US would not use force to assert influence in the world, but would instead work to promote human rights |
| Manchuria | Established as a Japanese puppet state in 1931 which allowing Japan to control its natural resources and use them to support the war effort |
| Panama Canal | Human made waterway linking the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean across the isthmus of Panama |
| William Seward | Secretary of State that bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2million, People wondered why the US wanted to buy a vast frozen tundra of snow and ice. It was called Seward's Folly and Seward's Icebox |
| Stanford Dole | American planter that helped overthrow Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani and established a new government in Hawaii |
| Sphere of Influence | A region dominated and controlled by an outside power |
| Imperialism | Political, military and economic domination of strong nations over weaker territories |
| Dollar Diplomacy | Pres. Taft's policy of expanding American investments abroad |
| Yellow Journalism | Printing newspapers with sensational headlines and pictures based on little or no facts to boost newspaper sales |
| Big Stick Diplomacy | Roosevelt's policy of creating and using, when necessary, a strong military to achieve America's goals |
| Queen Liliukalani | Last ruling monarch of Hawaii |
| Interventionists | People who believed that US should play an active role in world affairs and work toward achieving a just peace but not enter the war |
| Fourteen Points | List of terms for resolving World War I and future wars outlined by American Pres. Woodrow Wilson |
| Conscientious Objector | Person who refuses to fight in a war due to moral or religious beliefs |
| War Industry Board | Regulated all industries related to the war effort, this board determined what products industries would make, where they went and how much they cost |
| Reservationists | Group of Senators, led by Henry Cabot Lodge, who opposed the Treaty of Versailles, to end World War I, unless specific changes were included |
| A. Mitchell Palmer | Leading law enforcement official, lead raids know as Palmer Raids, arresting thousand of radicals and innocent people, and deported thousands of radicals |
| Herbert Hoover | Head of the Food Administration, he set prices high for wheat and other foodstuffs to encourage farmers to increase production |
| George Creel | Former journalist appointed as the director of the Committee on Public Information, used his background in advertising to "sell America"to earn wide spread support for the war effort |
| Bernard Baruch | Influential Wall Street investment broker appointed Head of the War Industries Board |
| April 6, 1917 | United States declared war on the German Empire and official entered WWI |
| Francis Ferdinand | Archduke of Austria whose assassination sparked the beginning of WWI |
| John J. Pershing | Commander of American forces in Europe during WWI |
| League of Nations | World organization established after World War I to promote peaceful cooperation between countries |
| Isolationists | Belief that one's country should be separated from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter into alliances, foreign economic commitments, international agreements, |
| Selective Service Act | Act passed by Congress in May 1917 authorizing a draft of young men for military service |
| Irreconcilables | Isolationist Senators who opposed any treaty ending World War I that had a League of Nations folded into it |
| Internationalists | The United States should play an active role in world affairs and work toward achieving a just peace but not enter the war |
| Nov. 11, 1917 | Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin, takes over Russia, remaining it the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
| Charles Lindbergh | Lucky Lindy, First man to fly nonstop over the Atlantic Ocean by himself in a plane named the Spirit of St. Louis from Long Island, New York to Paris, France |
| Buying on Margin | Buying a stock by putting down a down payment and borrowing the rest of the money from a stock broker |
| Volstead Act | Law enacted by Congress to enforce the 18th Amendment (Prohibition) |
| Installment Buying | Method of purchasing in which a buyer makes a small down payment, and then pays off the rest of the debt in regular monthly payments |
| Flappers | Young women from the 1920's who defied traditional rules of conduct and dress |
| Speakeasies | Illegal bar |
| Assembly line | Arrangement of equipment and workers in which work passes from operation to operation in direct line until the product is assembled |
| Bootleggers | One who sells illegal alcohol |
| Al Capone | America's best known gangster and the single greatest symbol of the collapse of law and order in the United States during the 1920s |
| Henry Ford | Used assembly line to mass produce the Model "T" allowing him to keep prices down so many American could afford to own an automobile |
| Speculation | Practice of making high risk investments in hopes of obtaining large profits |
| Oct. 29, 1929 | Black Thursday, the day investors starting pulling investment out of the stock market causing it to crash |
| Business Cycle | Periodic growth and contraction of the economy |
| Localism | Policy relied on by Pres Hoover in the early years of the Great Depression whereby local and state governments act as primary agents of economic relief |
| Hoover Dam | Dam on the Colorado River, originally called Boulder Dam, that was built during the Great Depression |
| Fireside Chats | Informal presidential speeches used by Franklin D. Roosevelt and delivered to the American people over the radio to explain measures he had taken to improve the economy in the United States |
| Social Security Act | Created pension system for retirees, established unemployment insurance for workers who lost their jobs, created insurance for victims of work related accidents, provided aid for poverty stricken mother and children, the blind and disabled |
| Public Works Administration | New Deal agency that provided millions of jobs constructing public buildings |
| Tennessee Valley Authority | Government agency that built dams in the Tennessee River Valley to control flooding and generate electric power |
| Totalitarianism | A government in which a single party or leader controls the economic, social, and cultural lives of its people |
| Joseph Stalin | Communist leader of Russia during WWI |
| Benito Mussolini | Fascist leader of Italy |
| Adolf Hitler | Nazi leader of Germany |
| Appeasement | Granting concessions in order to keep peace |
| Hideki Tojo | Japanese Prime Minister of Japan |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of Great Britain |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Pres. of United States |
| Lend Lease Act | Allowed Pres. Roosevelt to sell or lend war supplies to any country whose defense he considered vital to the safety of the United States |
| Pearl Harbor | American military base in Hawaii attacked by the Japanese on Dec. 7, 1941 |
| Dec. 7, 1941 | Japanese bomb US fleet docked in Pearl Harbor. Hawaii |
| Dec. 8, 1941 | The United States declares war on Japan |
| James Doolittle | Lead a US air attack on Tokyo, Japan in retaliation to the bombing of Pearl Harbor |
| Dunkirk | The location of the largest evacuation of French, Belgian and English troop; 338,000 soldiers were evacuated on 38 British destroyers and various other boats to England over a period of 9 days |
| Sensational headlines | Using exaggerated stories and titles to increase the readership of a newspaper or magazine |
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