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7-4.4 Burnette
Socialism, Communism, Fascism, Communism and Totalitarian Governments after WWI
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Totalitarian | government which had absolute or total power and the people had few rights |
| Socialism | government which controls the means of production and the distribution of land and property; this form of government is NOT violent |
| Communism | socialist government which is totalitarian; this form of government IS violent |
| ideologies | beliefs, especially political beliefs |
| Soviet Union | communist government that took over what had been Russia |
| Proletariat | name given to the working class under communist ideology |
| Industrial capitalists | owners of businesses and industries in a free market economy |
| distribute | to give out or to share |
| abolish | to get rid of something or to no longer allow it |
| Collectivization | taking land and property away from private citizens so that the government can decide how it is to be used |
| Communes | people living together on land owned by the government |
| Capitalistic | based on a free market or laissez-faire economy |
| Working class | people who work for wages and do not own businesses or factories, the proletariat |
| Equal distribution of wealth | where the government says that everyone should have the same amount of wealth |
| Means of production | factories, land, and natural resources |
| Joseph Stalin | communist leader of the Soviet Union from 1928 until 1953 |
| Communist Party | political party that controlled the Soviet Union and did not allow political opposition |
| Leon Trotsky | communist leader during the Russian Revolution and Civil War; Stalin first exiled him and later had him assassinated |
| secret police | a police force that watched everyone and made them do what the government wanted; punished or killed anyone against the government |
| censor | to only allow people to say or write things the government approves of |
| propaganda | half-truths or lies that foster a particular viewpoint |
| the Great Purge | when Stalin even terrorized members of the Communist Party, whom he thought were a threat to his power |
| Russian Orthodox Church | the official Christian Church of Russia, it was attacked and persecuted under communism |
| Command economy | an economy where the government controls the production of goods and services |
| Five Year Plans | Stalin’s communist plans to control what the Soviet economy did, focused on heavy industry |
| Kulaks | land owners and farmers whom Stalin had killed or persecuted, and their land taken away |
| Fascism | an aggressively nationalist, totalitarian government that glorifies the state above the individual and which became popular in Italy and Germany after World War I |
| Fasces | Roman symbol of power, a bundle of rods tied with an axe, after which fascism was named |
| Emblem | a symbolic object, sign, or picture |
| Benito Mussolini | fascist leader of Italy from 1922 to 1943 |
| Black Shirts | fascist supporters of Mussolini who attacked anyone who was against them |
| general strike | when all or most workers stop working in order to protest or gain something |
| King Emmanuel | King Victor Emmanuel III (THE THIRD) was monarch of Italy shortly before, during, and after WWII; NOTE: King Victor Emmanuel II (THE SECOND) helped to unite Italy in the 1870s |
| IL Duce, or "The Leader" | Benito Mussolini’s nickname |
| Ethiopia | an African country which Mussolini invaded twice in the 1930s |
| Nazism | Hitler’s form of fascism, which was extremely racist, started World War II, and killed Jews and others during the Holocaust |
| War Guilt Clause | the part of the Treaty of Versailles that made Germany take the blame for starting WWI |
| demigod | someone who wants to be treated as a human god on Earth |
| Nazi Party | Hitler’s fascist political party which was extremely racist, started WWII, and killed Jews and others in the Holocaust |
| Brown Shirts | paramilitary organization that supported the Nazis and attacked their political opponents |
| Swastika | crooked cross which was the symbol of the Nazi party |
| Weimar Republic | Democratic government installed in Germany after WWI. It didn’t work for long. |
| Mein Kampf | Hitler’s book which laid out his goals and Nazi policies. Its title means "My Struggle." |
| "Aryans" | the name Hitler gave to the German (Nordic) people, actually means Indo-European people |
| "Master Race" | what Hitler called the Germans; he said they were the best people and should take over everyone else |
| Hebrew | Jewish people originally from Israel |
| Paul von Hindenburg | WWI general who became German President |
| Chancellor | chief ruler of Germany |
| Gestapo | Hitler’s secret police which intimidated or arrested anyone against Hitler |
| the Führer | the leader, Hitler’s nickname |
| infrastructure | basic systems such as transportation, communications, and schools |
| stipulations | conditions in an agreement or contract |
| the Sudetenland | mountainous region of Czechoslovakia taken by Hitler in 1938 |
| export earnings | money earned from goods sold to another country |
| Expansionism | taking over other countries |
| figurehead | someone who is said to be in charge, but who really isn’t |
| Manchuria | region of northeast China taken over by Japan beginning in 1931 |
Created by:
oburnette
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