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7-3.3 Burnette
Haitian, Mexican, and South American revolutions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Haitian Revolution | when slaves in Saint-Domingue successfully revolted against their French colonial masters from 1791-1804, forming the nation of Haiti |
| Mexican Revolution | series of conflicts fought between Spain and its colony of New Spain from 1808-1821 which resulted in Mexican independence |
| South American Revolutions | a series of successful independence movements in the early 1800s by Spanish colonies in South America |
| Enlightenment ideas | ideas from the Enlightenment concerning natural rights, the social contract, and limited government |
| Nationalism | the desire for a people to have self-rule; the belief that one’s country is better than others |
| American Revolution | War fought between British North American colonists & Great Britain from 1776-1783 which led to American independence; it was inspired by Enlightenment ideas and led to the formation of a limited government which inspired other, future limited governments |
| domination | to rule over another person or people in such a way that they have little say in how things are run or done |
| social structure | how a society shares or distributes wealth, income, power, and rights |
| French Revolution | revolution from 1789-1799 which overthrew France’s absolute monarchy, replacing it with a republic; it was inspired by both Enlightenment ideas & the American Revolution; it served as a model for the formation of future limited governments & constitutions |
| social class struggles | struggles between the upper, middle, and lower classes over how wealth, income, power, and rights are shared or distributed in society |
| Peninsulares | the wealthy Spanish-born citizens living in Latin America who constituted the smallest percentage of the population yet occupied the highest political positions in society |
| Creoles | were Spaniards born in Latin America who could not hold political office but could be army officers (and who led most of the independence movements in Latin America |
| Latin America | the areas of the Americas whose official languages are Spanish or Portuguese, to include Central America, Mexico, parts of the Caribbean, and almost all of South America |
| social hierarchy | how members of a society are ranked based on factors such as wealth, income, power, and rights |
| Mestizos | Latin American people who have a mixture of European and Indian ancestry |
| Mulattos | people who have a mixture of European and African ancestry |
| Slave class | persons who were made slaves |
| Haiti | part of an island in the Caribbean Sea; the only country which gained its independence after a successful slave revolt |
| Hispaniola | a Caribbean island just east of Cuba; it contains the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic |
| Saint-Domingue or Santo Domingo | the French colony which became the nation of Haiti after a successful slave revolt |
| Toussaint L’Ouverture | leader of the Haitian Revolution |
| Locke’s idea of consent of the governed | the belief that a government gets it approval or “consent” from the people |
| Padre Miguel y Castillo Hidalgo (Father Miguel Hidalgo) | an early leader of the Mexican Revolution, he was inspired by Enlightenment ideals |
| Mexican independence | this country's independence from Spain was finally attained in 1821 |
| Agustin de Iturbide | appointed emperor of Mexico when it achieved independence |
| Central America | Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and Costa Rica |
| Simón Bolívar | a creole general, led the independence movements throughout South America (he is known as “the Liberator” and “the George Washington of South America”) |
| José de San Martín | general who led military campaigns to achieve the independence from Spain of Argentina, Chile, and Peru |
| Gran Columbia | an effort in 1826 to unite the newly independent countries of South America, was a reality for a short time as Venezuela, Columbia, Panama, and Ecuador were temporarily united. Political issues soon separated the countries. |
Created by:
oburnette
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