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7-2.4 Burnette
The English Civil War & the Glorious Revolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| English Civil War | War in England between the Parliament, and the monarch, King Charles I, from 1642-1651; Parliament won; it challenged absolute monarchs and foreshadowed John Locke’s idea that a government or ruler’s abuse of power should lead to his overthrow |
| Glorious Revolution | When, in 1689, the English Parliament invited William and Mary to overthrow King James II because he wanted to rule as an absolute monarch and make England Catholic again. It was “glorious” because James II ran away to France and there was no bloodshed |
| Monarchy | a government in which a king, queen, or emperor has power because they inherited it from their parents or another relative |
| Limited government | a government whose power and authority is limited, typically by the people; the people keep their rights |
| Parliament | the law-making (legislative) branch of the English (later British) government, the lower house (House of Commons) of which was elected by the people |
| Magna Carta | a charter or contract which King John signed in 1215; it limited the power of the King, made him respect the rights of the people, and said the King was not above the law |
| King Charles I | second Stuart King of England who ruled England from 1625-1649; his belief in absolute power and the divine right of kings led to the English Civil War; after the war he was beheaded |
| Absolute Power | the idea that the king or government should have absolute or unlimited power over the people |
| Divine right of kings philosophy | when monarchs believed that they ruled because God thought they should; to disobey them was to disobey God |
| James I | first Stuart King of England who ruled from 1603-1625; English successful colonization of North America (Jamestown, VA) began during his rule; he published the King James version of the Bible |
| J-C-C-J | The Stuart Kings of England -- James I, Charles I -- English Civil War and execution of Charles I-- Charles II, James II -- Glorious Revolution wherein James II abdicates power and Parliament establishes a constitutional monarchy |
| Westminister | a district (place) in central London; it is another name for the Parliament of England / Great Britain |
| Eleven Years Tyranny | when King Charles I ruled for eleven years (1629-1640) without allowing Parliament to meet; this antagonized (made angry) members of Parliament |
| levy | to impose and collect a tax |
| John Hampden | a member of Parliament, who refused to pay a new tax called the “Ship Tax” because Parliament had not agreed upon the tax |
| Ship Tax | a tax that King Charles I levied without the consent (approval) of Parliament; this tax helped cause the English Civil War. |
| defiance | open or bold resistance or disregard for authority |
| Royalists | the supporters of the monarchy and King Charles I during the English Civil War |
| Oliver Cromwell | led the forces of Parliament (the New Model Army) during the English Civil War; won the war and became Lord Protector of England from 1653-1658 |
| “New Model Army” | Parliament’s army during the English Civil War; it won |
| civil war | a war fought between peoples or groups within the same country |
| "Lord Protector" of England | the title given to Oliver Cromwell when he ruled England during the period when there was no King after the English Civil War |
| Charles II | third Stuart King and son of Charles I who ruled England from 1660-1685; he became King when Parliament offered him the throne during the “Restoration” |
| James II | fourth Stuart King and brother of Charles II who ruled England from 1685-1688; he tried to rule with absolute power and restore Catholicism to England, but was overthrown during the Glorious Revolution |
| Catholic vs. Protestant in Englandd | there was a power struggle in England over whether its official church would be Catholic (led by the Pope) or Protestant (those who did not follow the Pope) |
| Establishment of the Church | when King Henry VIII separated the English Church from the Catholic Church; Henry VIII instead established (set up) the Protestant Church of England which was also called the Anglican Church |
| William and Mary | took power in England during the Glorious Revolution, signed the English Bill of Rights, and agreed to limits on their power |
| English Bill of Rights | a 1689 agreement by which the English monarchy agreed to limits on its authority, and acknowledged the rights of Parliament along with the basic rights and freedoms of the people |
| foundational principles | basic ideas which support other ideas or things |
Created by:
oburnette
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