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7-2.2 Burnette
The Scientific Revolution & The Enlightenment
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Scientific Revolution | the period from about 1550 to 1700 when European thinkers began to gather knowledge based on observation, experiments, and mathematics, triggering a revolution, or sweeping change, in science |
| Enlightenment | the period beginning in the late 1600s and throughout the 1700s when many Europeans began to place their faith in reason, or the use of scientific and logical thinking, to draw conclusions about society and the world |
| Philosopher | a person or thinker who studies important questions and who comes up with important, key ideas |
| Reason | thinking logically; forming correct and justified conclusions based on facts |
| Galileo | Scientist who used the telescope to support his heliocentric theory, the idea that the sun was at the center of the solar system. The Catholic Church arrested him because it thought the Earth was at the center of the solar system |
| Sir Isaac Newton | Perhaps the greatest scientist who ever lived, he developed the law of gravity and the laws of motion, both key to modern physics; developed calculus, the key to advanced mathematics; and began the study of the properties of light |
| Roman Catholic Church | The original Christian church, headed by the Pope; it believes that people are saved both by faith and by observing the sacraments such as communion and confession |
| Ptolemy’s theory of planetary motion | the false idea that the Earth is at the center of the universe with the sun and planets revolving about it in circular orbits |
| Geocentric theory | the false idea that the Earth is at the center of the solar system |
| Copernicus’s heliocentric theory | the idea that the sun is at the center of the solar system |
| Telecope | a scientific instrument with lenses in a tube, it makes it able for a person to more clearly see distant objects in the sky |
| Newton’s laws of gravity | a formula which explains the force of gravitational attraction, improving the science of astronomy and making space flight possible almost 300 years later |
| Scientific Method | using repeated experiments to prove or disprove a hypothesis; its steps include observation, stating a hypothesis, predicting, testing through experiment and observation, and modifying the hypothesis based on results |
| Teachings of the church | the beliefs of the Roman Catholic church, based on the Bible, which were somewhat challenged by the scientific revolution |
| Empirical evidence | knowledge or facts learned from observation (seeing what actually is) or experimentation |
| Challenge to faith by reason | when the scientific revolution challenged some ideas based on religion and the Bible |
| Renounce | to formally and publicly say that one no longer holds a certain belief or thinks that a certain idea is correct |
| Excommunication | to be formally kicked out of the Catholic Church so that one could no longer receive the sacraments |
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oburnette
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